郑宏运 Puneet Vatsa 马旺林 周晓时 | 工作时间与工作满意度：一个门槛分析

Hongyun Zheng, Puneet Vatsa, Wanglin Ma, Xiaoshi Zhou, Working hours and job satisfaction in China: A threshold analysis, China Economic Review, 2022, 77: 101902

全文链接：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2022.101902

摘要：基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，本文采用门槛模型分析了工作时间与工作满意度之间的非线性关系。本文利用基于工具变量的两阶段残差代入法解决工作时间的内生性问题。分析结果表明：工作时间对工作满意度的影响的确存在门槛效应。具体来说：工作时间超过9小时会降低员工的工作满意度；如果工作时间超过12小时,员工的工作满意度下降幅度更大。进一步的分析表明：长时间工作对女性工人的工作满意度的影响大于对男性工人的影响；未婚人士的工作满意度不受工作时长的影响，而已婚人士的工作满意度则随着工作时间的延长而下降。此外，工作超过12 小时只降低了自雇佣者的工作满意度。对于被雇佣者，他们的工作时长在所有门槛上都与较低的工作满意度相关。身体健康状况不佳在长时间工作对工作满意度的不利影响中起着中介作用。长时间工作降低了个人短期的享乐幸福感，但不会影响长期中对生活各个方面的感知和感受。

Abstract: This study utilizes a threshold model to examine the nonlinear relationship between working hours and job satisfaction, using the open-access data of the 2018 China Family Panel Studies. We address the endogeneity of working hours utilizing an instrumental variable-based two-stage residual inclusion approach. The threshold model shows that the effects are indeed different. Working more than 9 h reduces workers' job satisfaction, and these reductions are even greater among those working more than 12 h. Heterogeneous analysis reveals that working long hours reduces the job satisfaction of female employees more than that of their male counterparts; the job satisfaction of unmarried individuals is unaffected by how long they work, whereas that of married workers declines when they work longer hours. Also, working more than 12 h decreases the job satisfaction of only self-employed workers, while working in wage-employed roles is associated with lower job satisfaction across all the thresholds. Poor physical health mediates the adverse effects of long working hours on job satisfaction. Finally, working long hours reduces individuals' short-run hedonic well-being but does not affect their perceptions and feelings towards various facets of life in the long run.

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