博士学位候选人应该表现出能掌握所选学科的知识，并能综合和创造新知识，在适当的时间范围内对该学科做出创造性的实质性贡献。
A candidate for a doctoral degree is expected to demonstrate mastery of knowledge in the chosen discipline and to synthesize and create new knowledge, making an original and substantial contribution to the discipline in an appropriate timeframe.
1. 为学科做出原创性的实质性贡献
Make an original and substantial contribution to the discipline
通过独立地和独创性地思考来发展思想和方法；识别自己领域内的新研究机会。
Think originally and independently to develop concepts and methodologies; Identify new research opportunities within one’s field.
2. 展示高级别的研究技能
Demonstrate advanced research skill
综合现有知识，确定和获取适当的资源和其他相关信息来源，批判性地分析和评估自己和他人的发现；掌握现有研究方法、技术和技能的应用；以适合本学科的方式进行交流。
Synthesize existing knowledge, identifying and accessing appropriate resources and other sources of relevant information and critically analyzing and evaluating one’s own findings and those of others; Master application of existing research methodologies, techniques, and technical skills; Communicate in a style appropriate to the discipline.
3. 展示对提升学术研究价值的承诺
Demonstrate commitment to advancing the values of scholarship
及时了解自己领域和相关领域的最新进展；通过加入专业团体、发表论文和参与其他知识转移模式来展示对个人专业发展的承诺；承诺通过教学、合作探究、辅导他人或示范来创造一个支持学习的环境。
Keep abreast of current advances within one’s field and related areas; Show commitment to personal professional development through engagement in professional societies, publication, and other knowledge transfer modes；Show a commitment to creating an environment that supports learning through teaching, collaborative inquiry, mentoring, or demonstration.
4. 展示专业技能
Demonstrate professional skills
遵守学科中的道德标准；有效地倾听、给与和接受反馈意见。
Adhere to ethical standards in the discipline；Listen, give, and receive feedback effectively.
Cornell University, Graduate School, Doctoral Proficiencies, Learning Assessment，https://gradschool.cornell.edu/about/program-metrics-assessments-and-outcomes/learning-assessment/
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