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SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences | 青藏高原植被物候对极端温度和不同强度降水的差异性响应

2023/9/26 10:25:28  阅读:58 发布者:

青藏高原植被物候对极端温度和不同强度降水的差异性响应

摘要

Quantifying how climate factors affect vegetation phenology is crucial for understanding climate-vegetation interactions and carbon and water cycles under a changing climate. However, the effects of different intensities of extreme climatic events on vegetation phenology remain poorly understood. Using a long-term solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence dataset, we investigated the response of vegetation phenology to extreme temperatures and precipitation events of different intensities across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 2000 to 2018. We found that the effect of maximum temperature exposure days (TxED) and minimum temperature exposure days (TnED) on the start of the growing season (SOS) was initially delayed and shifted to advance along the increasing temperature gradients. However, the response of the end of the growing season (EOS) to TxED and TnED shifted from an advance to a delay with increasing temperature gradients until the temperature thresholds were reached, above which thresholds produced an unfavorable response to vegetation growth and brought the EOS to an early end. The corresponding maximum and minimum temperature thresholds were 10.12 and 2.54°C, respectively. In contrast, cumulative precipitation (CP) was more likely to advance SOS and delay EOS as the precipitation gradient increased, but the advance of SOS is gradually weakening. Four vegetation types (i.e., forest, shrubland, meadow, and steppe) showed similar trends in response to different climates, but the optimal climatic conditions varied between the vegetation types. Generally, meadow and steppe had lower optimal temperatures and precipitation than forest and shrubland. These findings revealed the divergent responses of vegetation phenology to extreme climate events of different intensities, implying that the SOS will continue to advance with warming, whereas the EOS may undergo a partial transformation from delayed areas to advanced areas with continued warming.

量化气候因素对植被物候的影响对于了解气候变化下气候与植被之间的相互作用以及碳和水循环至关重要。然而,不同强度的极端气候事件对植被物候的影响尚不明确。利用长期的太阳诱导叶绿素荧光数据集,我们研究了2000年至2018年期间青藏高原(TP)植被物候对不同强度极端温度和降水事件的响应。我们发现最高温度暴露日(TxED)和最低温度暴露日(TnED)对生长开始季节(SOS)的影响最初是延迟的,并随着温度梯度的增加而提前。然而,随着温度梯度的增加,生长结束季节(EOS)对TxEDTnED的响应从提前转变为延迟,直至达到温度阈值,超过温度阈值会对植被生长产生不利影响,并使得EOS提前结束。相应的最高和最低温度阈值分别为10.122.54°C。相比之下,随着降水梯度的增加,累积降水量(CP)更有可能提前SOS并延迟EOS,但SOS的提前正在逐渐减弱。四种植被类型(森林、灌木林、草甸和草原)对不同气候的响应趋势相似,但不同植被类型的最佳气候条件各不相同。一般来说,草甸和草原的最佳温度和降水要低于森林和灌木林。这些发现揭示了植被物候对不同强度的极端气候事件的不同响应,这意味着随着气温升高,SOS将继续提前,而EOS则可能随着气候的持续变暖发生部分转变,从延迟区域变为提前区域。

正文

1 青藏高原的地理位置和植被分布。

2 2000-2018 年青藏高原植被物候趋势的空间模式和频率分布。(a)、(c)生长开始季节(SOS)和(b)、(d)生长结束季节(EOS)。红色文字为P,蓝色文字为N,括号中的数值分别表示正相关(P)、负相关(N)和显著相关(P<0.05)的比例。右图中的P值代表2000-2018年期间SOSEOS的显著年际变化。

3 2000-2018年生长开始季节(SOS)、生长结束季节(EOS)与高温日(TX95P)、低温日(TN5P)和高强度降水(R95P)之间偏相关系数的空间分布。(a-cTX95PTN5PR95PSOS;(d-fTX95PTN5PR95PEOS。红色文字P、蓝色文字N和括号中的数值分别表示正相关(P)、负相关(N)和显著相关(P<0.05)的比例。标有黑点的网格表示相关性显著(P<0.05)。

4 2000-2018年生长开始季节(SOS)、生长结束季节(EOS)与高温日(TX95P)、低温日(TN5P)和高强度降水(R95P)之间的偏相关系数以及不同植被类型之间的差异。(a)、(bSOSEOSTX95PTN5PR95P的偏相关系数的概率密度函数(PDF),分别用绿色、红色和蓝色表示。(c),(d)森林、草甸、草原和灌木林的SOSEOSTX95P(绿色)、TN5P(红色)和R95P(蓝色)之间的部分相关系数。

5 2000-2018年植被物候与不同强度的极端气温和降水指标之间的关系。垂直线表示温度和降水阈值。超过该临界值表明有利影响减弱。(a-c)生长季开始(SOS)不同强度的最高气温暴露日(TxED)、最低气温暴露日(TnED)和累积降水量(CP)。(d-f)生长季结束时(EOS),不同强度的TxEDTnEDCP

6 2000-2018年森林(绿线)、草甸(蓝线)、草原(红线)和灌木林(橙线)的植被物候与不同强度的极端气温和降水指标之间的关系。垂直线表示不同植被类型的温度和降水阈值。超过该阈值表明有利效应减弱。(a-c)不同强度的最高气温暴露日(TxED)、最低气温暴露日(TnED)和累积降水量(CP)下的生长季开始时间(SOS)。(d-f)生长季结束时(EOS),不同强度的TxEDTnEDCP

引用方式

Sun M, Li P, Ren P, Tang J, Zhang C, Zhou X, Peng C. 2023. Divergent response of vegetation phenology to extreme temperatures and precipitation of different intensities on the Tibetan Plateau. Science China Earth Sciences, 66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1156-1

摘要主体翻译来自于美国OpenAI所研发的对话式大型语言模型ChatGPT,然后经过略微修正。

转自:“生态遥感前沿”微信公众号

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