新发展格局下知识产权与中国高技术产业出口
蔡中华，何浩东，罗新宇
（北京化工大学 经济管理学院，北京100029)
摘要：本文通过构建产品竞争框架下的博弈模型，从理论上考察了东道国知识产权保护对高技术产业出口的影响，并选取中国2007—2018年向全球149个国家(地区)的高技术产品出口数据为样本，实证检验东道国知识产权保护对中国高技术产业出口的影响及机制。研究发现：(1)东道国知识产权保护与中国高技术产业出口额呈现显著的倒U型关系，在控制了产品分类、技术领域以及内生性后依然稳健；(2)市场竞争效应是产生倒U型关系的主要原因，随着东道国知识产权保护水平提升，出口数量提高而价格下降，出口额呈现倒U型；(3)专利布局能力提升能够正向调节倒U型关系。本文丰富了知识产权对国际贸易影响的机制研究，为新发展格局下的高技术产业发展政策与知识产权国际合作政策制定提供参考依据。
关键词：知识产权保护；高技术产业；Stackelberg均衡；倒U型
主要研究结论：本文通过博弈模型分析了东道国知识产权保护对高技术产业出口的影响机理，以2007—2018年中国对全球149个国家（地区）的出口数据为样本，实证检验东道国知识产权保护与中国高技术产业出口之间关系，并利用二元边际方法分析其影响机制。研究发现：（1）东道国知识产权保护与中国高技术产业出口呈现显著的倒U型关系。东道国处在知识产权保护水平较低的阶段时，提升知识产权保护整体促进了中国高技术产业出口额，而当保护水平超过阈值后，综合效应转为抑制。（2）市场竞争效应是产生倒U型表现的主要原因。以中国为代表的新兴市场国家在高技术产业出口中价格加成和出口绩效受到“市场竞争效应”影响，随着东道国知识产权保护水平提升，出口数量边际提高而出口价格边际下降，整体上呈现倒U型关系。（3）以专利累计申请量表征的出口技术水平能够显著调节倒U型关系。同等知识产权保护水平下，专利布局能力提升使得出口绩效增加。
Intellectual property rights and China′s high-tech industry export under the new development pattern
Cai Zhonghua, He Haodong, Luo Xinyu
(School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract:Under the new development pattern of "dual circulation", high-tech industry export plays an important role in enhancing the global competitiveness of China′s high-tech industry, and it is also an important way to promote internal circulation through external circulation. Intellectual property right of import countries has been proved to be a significant variable affecting the export of high-tech industry of export countries, but literatures rarely discuss its role from the perspective of product competition while exporter is an emerging market country.
By building a game model under the framework of product competition, the authors of this paper examined the impact mechanism of the import country′s intellectual property right on the export performance of export country′s high-tech industry. Using China′s export data of high-tech industry to 149 countries（regions） from 2007 to 2018 as samples, we empirically tested the influence and mechanism of import country′s intellectual property right on China′s high-tech industry exports. The results showed that the import country′s intellectual property right and China′s high-tech industry exports have a significant inverted U-shaped relationship, which is still robust after controlling for product classification, technical fields and endogeneity. Combined with the binary marginal analysis method, it is concluded that under the effect of market competition, the "increase in quantity and decline in price" is the main reason for the inverted U-shaped comprehensive effect. The quantity margin of China′s high-tech product exports increases with the improvement of the intellectual property right level of the import country, while the export price margin decreases. This result is different from the traditional research which use the market power effect to explain the decline of export. At the same time, the improvement of patent application capability can positively adjust export performance. The research in this paper has not only enriched the test of the impact of intellectual property rights on international trade, but also provided a reference for the formulation of high-tech industry development policies and intellectual property international cooperation policies under the new development pattern.
Based on the previous analysis, our suggestions are as follow: Firstly, in the building of a new development pattern, in order to promote the export of China′s high-tech industries, the international cooperation in intellectual property right between China and other countries（regions） should formulate different strategies according to their level of development. For countries with a low level of intellectual property right, such as developing countries（regions） along the "Belt and Road", more attention should be paid to provide intellectual property right assistance to these countries（regions）, to help these countries（regions） improve their own intellectual property systems, and improve their legislation and enforcement of intellectual property right, thereby enhancing the positive role of intellectual property in promoting the export of high-tech industry. On the other hand, for countries（regions） with a high level of intellectual property right, such as some developed countries（regions） in Europe and the United States, cooperation should focus on improving the convenience of cross-border patent applications, simplifying patent application and confirmation procedures through bilateral and multilateral negotiations, and assisting enterprises in the overseas layout of patents, in order to demonstrate the strong growth momentum and technological innovation capability of Chinese enterprises in recent years, and provide guarantee for the export of China′s high-tech industry.
Secondly, for China high-tech enterprises "going out", they should continue to strengthen the innovation-driven strategy under the "dual circulation" pattern, further increase investment in research and development, and improve their independent innovation capabilities, so as to maintain their advantages in the process of competition with foreign enterprises. At the same time, more attention should be paid to patent application in target market countries, and the intellectual property system should be used to safeguard their own interests, thus escorting "China′s intelligent manufacturing" to go overseas.
Key words:intellectual property right protection; high-tech industry; Stackelberg equilibrium; inverted U-shape
引用本文：蔡中华,何浩东,罗新宇.新发展格局下知识产权与中国高技术产业出口[J].科研管理,2023,44(8):152-161.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
如有侵权，请联系本站删除！
