新刊速递
每月带您读英文核心，这个月英文文献分享刚刚开始！
本文内容较长，为了优化阅读体验，欢迎大家点击标题展开相应内容。
1.《British Journal of Sports Medicine 》
JCR：Q1；IF：18.475
Effectiveness of physical activity
interventions for improving
depression, anxiety and distress: an
overview of systematic reviews
体育活动干预对改善抑郁、焦虑和痛苦的有效性：
系统回顾的概述
【Abstract】
Objective：To synthesise the evidence on the effects of physical activity on symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adult populations.
Design：Umbrella review.
Data sources：Twelve electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 1 January 2022.
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies：Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials designed to increase physical activity in an adult population and that assessed depression, anxiety or psychological distress were eligible. Study selection was undertaken in duplicate by two independent reviewers.
Results：Ninety-seven reviews (1039 trials and 128 119 participants) were included. Populations included healthy adults, people with mental health disorders and people with various chronic diseases. Most reviews (n=77) had a critically low A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews score. Physical activity had medium effects on depression (median effect size=−0.43, IQR=−0.66 to –0.27), anxiety (median effect size=−0.42, IQR=−0.66 to –0.26) and psychological distress (effect size=−0.60, 95% CI −0.78 to –0.42), compared with usual care across all populations. The largest benefits were seen in people with depression, HIV and kidney disease, in pregnant and postpartum women, and in healthy individuals. Higher intensity physical activity was associated with greater improvements in symptoms. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions diminished with longer duration interventions.
Conclusion and relevance：Physical activity is highly beneficial for improving symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress across a wide range of adult populations, including the general population, people with diagnosed mental health disorders and people with chronic disease. Physical activity should be a mainstay approach in the management of depression, anxiety and psychological distress.
【摘要】
目的：综合体育活动对成人抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰症状影响的证据。
设计：Umbrella review.
数据来源：在12个电子数据库中检索了从研究开始到2022年1月1日发表的合格研究。
选择研究的资格标准：对旨在增加成年人身体活动的随机对照试验进行系统回顾，并评估抑郁、焦虑或心理痛苦，均符合条件。
结果：纳入97篇综述（1039项试验和128 119名参与者）。人口包括健康的成年人、精神健康障碍患者和各种慢性病患者。大多数评论（n=77）评估系统评论评分的评估工具非常低。与所有人群的常规护理相比，体育活动对抑郁（中位效应size=-0.43，IQR=-0.66--0.27）、焦虑（中位效应size=-0.42、IQR=-0.66--0.26）和心理困扰（影响size=-0.60,95%CI-0.78--0.42）有中等影响。对抑郁症、艾滋病毒和肾病患者、孕妇和产后妇女以及健康个体的益处最大。更高强度的体力活动与症状的改善有关。体育活动干预的有效性随着干预时间的延长而降低。
结论：体育活动非常有利于改善许多成年人的抑郁、焦虑和痛苦症状，包括一般人群、确诊的精神健康障碍患者和慢性疾病患者。体育活动应该是治疗抑郁、焦虑和心理困扰的主要方法。
2.《Journal of Physiotherapy》
JCR：Q1；IF：12.1
Curl-up exercises improve abdominal
muscle strength without worsening
inter-recti distance in women with
diastasis recti abdominis postpartum:
a randomised controlled trial
卷曲运动可改善产后腹直肌分流症妇女的腹肌力，
而不恶化直肌间距离：一项随机对照试验
【Abstract】
Questions：What is the effect of a 12-week, home-based, abdominal exercise program containing head lifts and abdominal curl-ups on inter-recti distance (IRD) in women with diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) 6 to 12 months postpartum? What is the effect of the program on: observed abdominal movement during a curl-up; global perceived change; rectus abdominis thickness; abdominal muscle strength and endurance; pelvic floor disorders; and low back, pelvic girdle and abdominal pain?
Design：This was a two-arm, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis.
Participants：Seventy primiparous or multiparous women 6 to 12 months postpartum, having a single or multiple pregnancy following any mode of delivery, with a diagnosis of DRA (IRD > 28 mm at rest or > 25 mm during a curl-up).
Interventions：The experimental group was prescribed a 12-week standardised exercise program including head lifts, abdominal curl-ups and twisted abdominal curl-ups 5 days a week. The control group received no intervention.
Outcome measures：The primary outcome measure was change in IRD measured with ultrasonography. Secondary outcomes were: observed abdominal movement during a curl-up; global perceived change; rectus abdominis thickness; abdominal muscle strength and endurance; pelvic floor disorders; and low back, pelvic girdle and abdominal pain.
Results：The exercise program did not improve or worsen IRD (eg, MD 1 mm at rest 2 cm above the umbilicus, 95% CI –1 to 4). The program improved rectus abdominis thickness (MD 0.7 mm, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.3) and strength (MD 9 Nm, 95% CI 3 to 16) at 10 deg; its effects on other secondary outcomes were trivial or unclear.
Conclusion：An exercise program containing curl-ups for women with DRA did not worsen IRD or change the severity of pelvic floor disorders or low back, pelvic girdle or abdominal pain, but it did increase abdominal muscle strength and thickness.
【摘要】
问题：在产后6到12个月的12周的家庭中，腹部锻炼（DRA）妇女的直肌间距离（IRD）有什么影响？该计划的影响是：在蜷曲过程中观察到的腹部运动；整体感知变化；腹直肌厚度；腹部肌肉力量和耐力；盆底疾病；下背部、骨盆带和腹痛？
设计：这是一项两臂、平行组、随机对照试验，包括隐蔽分配、评估者盲法和治疗意向分析。
参与者：70名产后6至12个月的初产妇或经产妇，在任何分娩方式后都有一次单次或多次妊娠，诊断为DRA（休息时IRD>28mm或收缩时>25mm）。
干预：实验组接受了为期12周的标准化运动计划，包括每周5天的抬头、腹部弯曲和腹部弯曲扭曲。对照组未接受任何干预。
结果测量：主要结果指标是超声测量的IRD的变化。观察期间的腹部运动；整体感知变化；腹直肌厚度、腹部肌肉力量和耐力；盆底疾病；下背部、骨盆带和腹痛。
结果：运动计划没有改善或恶化IRD（例如，在脐上方2 cm处MD 1 mm，95% CI -1至4）。该方案改善了10度时的腹直肌厚度（MD 0.7 mm，95% CI 0.1至1.3）和强度（MD 9 Nm，95% CI 3至16）；其对其他次要结果的影响不大或不明确。
结论：对DRA患者进行卷曲的运动计划没有加重IRD，或改变盆底疾病或下腰、盆带或腹痛的严重程度，但确实增加了腹部肌力量和厚度。
3.《Journal of Sport and Health Science》
JCR：Q1；IF：11.7
Sports compression garments improve
resting markers of venous return and
muscle blood flow in male
basketball players
运动加压服装改善了男子篮球运动员静息状态下
静脉回流和肌肉血流量的指标
【Abstract】
Background：The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood flow. However, findings are equivocal, possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow, the garment types used, and the pressures applied. This study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at rest.
Methods：Resting lower-limb blood flow measures (markers of venous return, muscle blood flow, and muscle oxygenation) of 22 elite, junior, male basketball players (age = 17.2 ± 0.9 years, mean ± SD) were assessed in 4 separate conditions: no compression (CON), compression tights (TIGHTS), compression shorts (SHORTS), and compression socks (SOCKS). Markers of venous return (cross-sectional area, time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity, and venous blood flow) were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral veins. Muscle blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Results：Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON (p < 0.01) and SHORTS (p < 0.01), with SOCKS values higher compared with CON (p < 0.05). Common femoral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CON (p < 0.05), with TIGHTS values also higher compared to SOCKS (p < 0.05). Gastrocnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.000), SOCKS (p = 0.012), and SHORTS (p = 0.000), with SOCKS higher compared to SHORTS (p = 0.046). Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.028) and SOCKS (p = 0.019), with SHORTS also higher compared to CON (p = 0.012) and SOCKS (p = 0.005). Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.003), SOCKS (p = 0.033), and SHORTS (p = 0.003), with SOCKS higher compared to CON (p = 0.044) and SHORTS (p = 0.032). Vastus lateralis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.020) and SOCKS (p = 0.006).
Conclusions：Markers of venous return, muscle blood flow, and muscle oxygenation are increased with sports compression garments. TIGHTS are most effective, potentially because of the larger body area compressed.
【摘要】
背景：运动压缩服装的好处被认为与增强血液流动密切相关。然而，结果是模棱两可的，可能是由于用于测量血流的技术、使用的服装类型和施加的压力不同所致。这项研究结合了多普勒超声和近红外光谱技术，首次全面评估了三种类型的运动压缩服对静息状态下静脉回流和肌肉血流量的影响。
方法：对22名优秀、少年、男子篮球运动员(年龄17.2±0.9岁，平均±SD)进行静息状态下的静脉回流、肌肉血流量、肌肉氧合等指标的测定，分别在4种不同的状态下进行测试：不受压(CON)、紧身裤(THZ)、紧身裤(TH2O)、紧身袜(SOCKS)。用多普勒超声测量静脉回流的指标(横截面积、平均血流速度、峰值血流速度、静脉血流量)。用近红外光谱仪测量腓肠肌内侧肌和股外侧肌的肌肉血流量和肌肉氧合。
结果：紧身裤的静脉回流指标显著高于对照组(p<0.01)和短裤(p<0.01)，袜子的数值高于对照组(p<0.05)。在所有情况下，静脉回流的常见股静脉标志物均高于对照组(p<0.05)，紧身值也高于袜子(p<0.05)。紧身裤的腓肠肌内侧血流量高于紧身裤(p = 0.000)、袜子(p = 0.012)和短裤(p = 0.000)，袜子比短裤高(p = 0.046)。紧身裤的股外侧肌血流量高于CON(p = 0.028)和袜子(p = 0.019)，短裤也高于CON(p = 0.012)和袜子(p = 0.005)。与CON(p = 0.003)、袜子(p = 0.033)和短裤(p = 0.003)相比，紧身裤的腓肠肌内侧肌氧合力更高，而袜子比CON(p = 0.044)和短裤(p = 0.032)更高。紧身裤的股外侧肌氧合率高于紧身裤(p = 0.02)和袜子(p = 0.006)。
结论：运动压缩服装增加了静脉回流、肌肉血流量和肌肉氧合的指标。紧身衣最有效，可能是因为压缩了较大的身体面积。
4.《BioMed Central 》
JCR：Q1；IF：10.66
Effects of whole-body vibration
on sensorimotor deficits and brain
plasticity among people with chronic
ankle instability: a study protocol for a
single-blind randomized controlled trial
全身振动对慢性踝关节不稳定患者的感觉运动缺陷和大脑
可塑性的影响：一项单盲随机对照试验的研究方案
【Abstract】
Background：Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a form of musculoskeletal disease that can occur after a lateral ankle sprain, and it is characterized by pain, recurrent ankle sprains, a feeling of “giving way” at the ankle joint, and sensorimotor deficits. There has been increasing evidence to suggest that plastic changes in the brain after the initial injury play an important role in CAI. As one modality to treat CAI, whole-body vibration (WBV) has been found to be beneficial for treating the sensorimotor deficits accompanying CAI, but whether these benefits are associated with brain plasticity remains unknown. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the effect of WBV on sensorimotor deficits and determine its correlation with plastic changes in the brain.
Methods：The present study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of 80 participants with CAI recruited from the university and local communities will be divided into 4 groups: whole-body vibration and balance training (WBVBT), balance training (BT), whole-body vibration (WBV), and control group. Participants will be given the WBV intervention (25-38 Hz, 1.3-2 mm, 3-time per week, 6-week) supervised by a professional therapist. Primary outcome measures are sensorimotor function including strength, balance, proprioception and functional performance. Brain plasticity will be evaluated by corticomotor excitability, inhibition, and representation of muscles, as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Activation of brain areas will be assessed through functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Secondary outcome measures are self-reported functional outcomes involving the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure. All tests will be conducted before and after the WBV intervention, and at 2-week follow-up. Per‑protocol and intention-to-treat analysis will be applied if any participants withdraw.
Discussion：This is the first trial to investigate the role of brain plasticity in sensorimotor changes brought by WBV for individuals with CAI. As plastic changes in the brain have been an increasingly important aspect in CAI, the results of the current study can provide insight into the treatment of CAI from the perspective of brain plasticity.
【摘要】
背景：慢性踝关节不稳（CAI）是一种肌肉骨骼疾病，可发生在踝关节外侧扭伤后，其特征是疼痛、反复的踝关节扭伤、踝关节让路的感觉和感觉运动缺陷。越来越多的证据表明，最初损伤后大脑的可塑性变化在CAI中起着重要作用。作为治疗CAI的一种方法，全身振动（WBV）已被发现有助于治疗伴随CAI的感觉运动缺陷，但这些益处是否与大脑可塑性有关尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨WBV对感觉运动缺陷的影响，并确定其与大脑可塑性变化的相关性。
方法：本研究为单盲随机对照试验。从大学和当地社区招募80名CAI参与者，被分为4组：全身振动和平衡训练（WBVBT）、平衡训练（BT）、全身振动（WBV）和对照组。参与者将在专业治疗师的指导下接受WBV干预（25-38 Hz，1.3-2毫米，每周3次，6周）。主要结果指标是感觉运动功能，包括力量、平衡、本体感觉和功能表现。大脑的可塑性将通过皮质运动的兴奋性、抑制和肌肉的表征来评估，通过经颅磁刺激来测量。大脑区域的激活将通过功能近红外光谱进行评估。次要结果测量是自我报告的功能结果，包括坎伯兰踝关节不稳定工具和足部和踝关节能力测量。所有的测试都将在WBV干预前后进行，以及在2周的随访时进行。如果有任何参与者退出，则将采用每个治疗方案和治疗意向分析。
讨论：这是第一次研究大脑可塑性在WBV给CAI患者带来的感觉运动变化中的作用。由于大脑的可塑性变化是CAI中一个越来越重要的方面，本研究的结果可以从大脑可塑性的角度为CAI的治疗提供见解。
Neurofeedback training and
motor learning: the enhanced
sensorimotor rhythm protocol is better
or the suppressed alpha or the
suppressed mu?
神经反馈训练和运动学习：增强的感觉运动节律方案
更好，还是被抑制的alpha或被抑制的mu？
【Abstract】
A large number of previous studies have examined how different neurofeedback-based techniques may influence motor learning. However, only a few studies attempted to compare the effects of these different techniques on motor learning. Therefore, the present study attempts to examine the effects of neurofeedback training on motor learning in novice golfers, using three protocols, namely enhanced sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) at Cz, suppressed alpha waves at Fz, and suppressed mu waves at Cz. The participants were 64 adults (32 females; mean age = 22.31 ± 2.25 years). The study consisted of a pretest stage (day 1), intervention (6 sessions, over two weeks, 3 sessions per week), short-term retention (one day after intervention), and long-term retention (two weeks after intervention); in the pretest and short-term and long-term retention, motor performance for golf putting (12 trials) as well as amplitudes of SMR wave at Cz, alpha at Fz, and Mu at Cz were recorded. During each intervention session, the participants in three neurofeedback groups and a sham group first performed neurofeedback training (enhanced SMR at Cz, suppressed alpha at Fz, and suppressed Mu at Cz) for 20 min. Then, the participants in all groups performed three blocks of 12 trials consisting of golf putting training. The results indicated no difference between the sham and the experimental groups in the acquisition stage, as individuals in all groups experienced similar improvement in putting accuracy. However, in the short-term retention, all the three neurofeedback groups outperformed the sham group, although in the long-term retention, only the SMR group and the Alpha group showed a better performance than the sham group while the Mu group did not exhibit a notably better performance than the sham group. Our results also showed significant variations in the amplitudes of the SMR, alpha, and mu waves depending on the neurofeedback intervention provided, while no significant variation was observed in the sham group. Based on these results, it is recommended that coaches should make further use of enhanced SMR at Cz or suppressed alpha at Fz as their neurofeedback interventions to facilitate longer-term motor learning in golfers.
【摘要】
大量的研究研究了不同的基于神经反馈的技术如何影响运动学习。然而，只有少数研究试图比较这些不同的技术对运动学习的影响。因此，本研究试图探讨神经反馈训练对新手运动学习的影响，采用增强Cz、抑制阿尔法波和抑制Cz的mu波。参与者为64名成年人（32名女性；平均年龄= 22.31 ± 2.25岁）。该研究包括测试前阶段（第1天）、干预（6次，两周，每周3次）、短期保留（干预后一天）和长期保留（干预后两周）；在测试前和短期和长期保留中，高尔夫球运动表现（12次试验）以及Cz SMR波、Fzor: #E02020'>alpha和CzMu的振幅。在每个干预阶段，三个神经反馈组和一个假组的参与者首先进行神经反馈训练（在Cz增强SMR，在Fz抑制or: #E02020'>alpha，在Cz抑制Mu）20 min。然后，所有组的参与者进行了3组12次试验，包括高尔夫推杆训练。结果表明，在获取阶段，假手术组和实验组之间没有差异，因为所有组的个体在放置准确性方面都有相似的提高。然而，在短期保留中，所有三个神经反馈组的表现都优于假组，尽管在长期保留中，只有SMR组和Alpha组的表现都优于假组，而穆组的表现并不明显优于假组。我们的结果还显示，根据所提供的神经反馈干预，SMR、or: #E02020'>alpha和mu波的振幅有显著变化，而在假手术组中没有观察到显著变化。基于这些结果，建议教练进一步使用Cz的增强SMR或Fz的抑制or: #E02020'>alpha作为神经反馈干预，以促进高尔夫球手的长期运动学习。
转自：“康复科研”微信公众号
如有侵权，请联系本站删除！
