政府环境信息公开的绿色创新效应研究
王营，冯佳浩
（山东财经大学 金融学院，山东 济南250014）
摘要：构建政府、企业和社会公众多元参与的环境规制体系对于促进企业绿色创新具有重要意义。本文基于A股工业企业绿色专利数据，实证检验政府环境信息公开能否促进企业绿色创新。研究发现，企业绿色专利申请数量与政府环境信息公开水平具有显著的正向关系，尤其是体现绿色创新质量的绿色发明专利。这得益于政府层面的环境信息公开能够引导企业层面的环境信息披露，帮助社会公众对企业进行更加全面的监督。异质性检验发现，重污染行业企业和非国有上市企业的绿色创新水平对政府环境信息公开更加敏感。调节效应分析发现，企业对外部资金的依赖程度越高，政府环境信息公开的绿色创新效应越强，说明政府环境信息公开具有资金退出威胁效应。本文从企业绿色创新角度为地方政府加强环境信息公开提供了积极的环境治理证据，为推进生态文明建设和实现绿色低碳发展提供了有益借鉴。
关键词：政府环境信息公开；绿色创新；环境信息披露；资金退出威胁效应
在“碳中和”和“绿色复苏”的政策背景下，通过动员社会力量实现环境保护和可持续发展的“双赢”越来越成为社会共识。政府环境信息公开是促使社会公众参与环境管理的重要途径，本文使用中国公众环境研究中心（IPE）和美国自然资源保护委员会（NRDC）共同推出的“污染源监管信息公开指数（PITI）”测度政府环境信息公开水平，得出如下结论：（1）政府环境信息公开水平的提高能够显著提升企业的绿色创新水平，主要体现在绿色发明专利申请量和绿色实用新型专利申请量的增加两个方面，其中绿色发明专利的增加尤为明显。（2）异质性分析发现，重污染企业和非国有企业面对政府环境信息公开具有更好的绿色创新表现。（3）机制分析发现，政府环境信息公开能够引导企业披露环境信息，帮助社会公众对企业进行更加全面的监督，进而促进企业绿色创新。（4）调节效应发现，企业外部资金依赖程度对政府环境信息公开的绿色创新效应具有正向调节作用，说明政府环境信息公开具有资金退出的威胁效应。
A study of the green innovation effect of government environmental information disclosure
Wang Ying, Feng Jiahao
(School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China)
Abstract:It is of great significance to build an environmental regulation system with the participation of the government, enterprises and the public. Government environmental information disclosure as a means of environmental governance in the third stage is an emerging practice to build such system especially in China. Compared with command control and market incentive environmental regulation policies, government environmental information disclosure is an efficient tool to combine the institutional pressure from government and expectation pressure from society faced with enterprises in the process of green transformation. Many studies show that government environmental information disclosure can reduce pollutant emissions, while its internal mechanism is not clear. For example, faced with government environmental information disclosure, has the enterprises carried out green innovation which can realize the terminal treatment of pollution.
Using Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) which provided by Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE) and Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) to measure the level of government environmental information disclosure, this paper empirically studies whether government environmental information disclosure can promote enterprise green innovation. Based on the green patent data of China′s listed industrial enterprises, our results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the number of green patents applications and the level of government environmental information disclosure, especially the green invention patents that reflect the quality of green innovation. The conclusion is robust after solving endogenous problems with 2SLS. This benefits from the fact that the environmental information disclosure at the government level can guide the environmental information disclosure at the enterprise level and help the public to conduct more comprehensive supervision on enterprises. The heterogeneity test shows that the green innovation level of heavy polluting industry enterprises and non-state-owned listed enterprises is more sensitive to government environmental information disclosure. Futher analysis shows that the higher the dependence of enterprises on external funds, the stronger the green innovation effect of government environmental information disclosure, which indicates that government environmental information disclosure has the threat effect of capital withdrawal.
Government environmental information disclosure in China has been implemented for more than ten years and the 19th CPC National Congress clearly pointed out to build a market-oriented green technology innovation system. In this context, our study of government environmental information disclosure issuance promoting green innovation has a great significance. First, it can provide new insights on the mechanism of government environmental information disclosure to reduce pollutant emissions. Second, it is conducive to broaden the research field of environmental regulation and provide some theoretical reference for the implementation of environmental information disclosure policy. Third, this paper clarifies the internal logic of government environmental information disclosure promoting enterprise green innovation from the perspectives of mediator effect and moderating effect, and provides new evidence that government information disclosure promotes resource allocation and guides enterprise behavior.
The most direct policy implication of this paper is to provide a useful reference for the realization of the effective combination of government environmental information disclosure and enterprise green innovation, so as to promote the construction of ecological civilization. First, the government should incorporate more regulatory content into the environmental information disclosure system to make full use of the signal role of environmental information in leading enterprise green innovation. Second, regulatory authorities should improve the channels of enterprise environmental information disclosure. Third, financial institutions should make full use of environmental information released by government for lending.
Key words:government environmental information disclosure; green innovation; environmental information disclosure; threat effect of capital withdrawal
引用本文：王营,冯佳浩.政府环境信息公开的绿色创新效应研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(06):117-125.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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