网络伙伴多样化的影响因素与创新情景
吴航1，陈劲2
（1.嘉兴学院经济学院，浙江 嘉兴314001；
2.清华大学经济管理学院，北京100084）
摘要：现有研究未能从企业能力视角揭示出网络伙伴多样化前因、网络伙伴多样化影响创新绩效的情景条件，即企业应具备何种能力才能实现网络伙伴多样化并从中获取创新收益仍是一个悬而未决的理论谜题。本文立足于网络能力视角，实证检验了网络能力（网络伙伴选择能力、网络伙伴协调能力）对网络伙伴多样化的影响，以及对网络伙伴多样化与创新绩效关系的调节效应。研究发现，网络伙伴选择能力正向影响网络伙伴多样化，正向调节网络伙伴多样化与创新绩效之间的关系；网络伙伴协调能力对网络伙伴多样化的影响不显著，却正向调节网络伙伴多样化与创新绩效之间的关系。研究结论直接贡献于网络伙伴多样化前因、网络伙伴多样化创新情景领域的文献，同时对于企业构建多样化网络体系、利用多样化网络伙伴资源具有实践启示。
关键词：网络能力；网络伙伴选择能力；网络伙伴协调能力；网络伙伴多样化；创新绩效
“实现网络伙伴多样化并成功利用多样化伙伴资源”的企业需具备何种能力？本文实证检验了两种网络能力对网络伙伴多样化的影响，及对网络伙伴多样化与创新绩效关系的调节效应。研究发现：
（1）网络伙伴选择能力对网络伙伴多样化具有正向影响、正向调节网络伙伴多样化与创新绩效之间的关系。这说明网络形成前的伙伴选择能力对网络伙伴多样化的影响体现在两个方面：①在网络形成前识别伙伴并建立合作关系。研究结论深化了关于合作经验、社会资本前因的研究，进一步证明搜索伙伴信息、把握合作机会的能力对于实现网络伙伴多样化的重要性。②在网络形成后利用多样化网络伙伴资源形成创新协同。研究结果揭示了选择匹配的合作伙伴对于后期利用多样化网络资源实现创新协同效应至关重要。
（2）网络伙伴协调能力对网络伙伴多样化的影响并不显著，却正向调节网络伙伴多样化与创新绩效之间的关系。本文认为导致这种现象的原因可能在于，构建多样化网络伙伴关系的重点是选择合作伙伴并建立共赢合作关系。建立多样化网络体系是一个漫长的过程，在合作早期并不会触及过多的沟通和协调障碍，因而对企业的沟通协调能力要求不高。然而在利用多样化伙伴资源的过程中，焦点企业无法规避多样化伙伴之间的目标差异及无处不在的文化和利益冲突，此时企业的协调能力将发挥重要作用。协调能力强的企业更能化解多样化伙伴之间的冲突、整合资源形成合力，最大化网络伙伴多样化的创新效应。
Influencing factors and innovation contingencies of network partner diversity
Wu Hang1, Chen Jin2
(1. School of Economics, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China;
2. School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: Existing research has failed to reveal from the perspective of corporate capabilities the antecedents of network partner diversity, and the contextual conditions under which network partner diversity affects innovation performance, that is, what capabilities a firm should have to achieve network partner diversity and obtain innovation benefits from it is still an unsolved theoretical mystery. Based on the perspective of network capabilities, this study empirically tests the influence of network capabilities (network partner selection capability, network partner coordination capability) on network partner diversity, as well as on the relationship between network partner diversity and innovation performance. The calculation formula for network partner diversification is:
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In the formula, Pi represents the partner number of each type, PT represents the total number of partners, and N represents the type of partners.Draw lessons from Sarkar et al. and Degener et al. on the measurement items of actively selecting network partners, and Schreiner et al. on the measurement items of establishing network partnerships, we select four indicators to measure network partner selection capability. Draw lessons from Schreiner et al. and Degener et al. on measurement items of network partner communication and coordination, and Sarkar et al. on measurement items of network partnership management, we select four indicators to measure the network partner coordination capability.
The sample comes from the 500 companies disclosed in the "2019 China Listed Companies Innovation Index Report". The patent information of the sample companies comes from the patent search and analysis database of China National Intellectual Property Administration and Baiteng.com. The network partner information comes from the company′s official website, annual reports, news media interviews, and information disclosed in financial magazines. The specific information is searched with such keywords as strategic cooperation, overseas cooperation, external cooperation, cooperation agreement, hand in hand, seeking common development. The control variable data are all from the company′s annual report and official website. The data of network partner selection capability and network partner coordination capability are collected in the form of questionnaire survey. The questionnaires are sent to senior executives responsible for innovation and external cooperation. Three rounds of email and telephone interviews are used to supervise the completion and return of questionnaires, and finally 174 valid questionnaires are returned (effective rate 34.8%).
The findings show that network partner selection capability positively affects network partner diversity, while positively moderates the relationship between network partner diversity and innovation performance. This shows that the influence of partner selection capability before network formation on network partner diversity is reflected in two aspects: on the one hand identify partners and establish cooperative relations before network formation, on the other hand use resources from diversified network partner to form innovative synergy after the network is formed. The results also show that network partner coordination capability has no significant impact on network partner diversity, but positively moderates the relationship between partner diversity and innovation performance. The reason may be that the key of building diversified network partnerships is to select partners and establish win-win cooperative relationships. It is a long process to establish a diversified network system. In the early stage of cooperation, there will not be too many communication and coordination barriers, so the communication and coordination capability are not required. However, in the process of utilizing the resources of diversified partners, firms cannot avoid the target difference and ubiquitous cultural and interest conflicts among diversified partners, and then firm′s coordination capability will play an important role. Firms with strong coordination capability are better able to resolve conflicts among diversified partners, integrate resources to form synergy, and maximize the innovation effect of diversified network partners. This study contributes to the literature on the antecedents of network partner diversity and the innovation conditions of network partner diversity, while has practical enlightenment for firms to build diversified network and utilize diversified partner resources.
Key words:network capability; network partner selection capability; network partner coordination capability; network partner diversity; innovation performance
引用本文：吴航,陈劲.网络伙伴多样化的影响因素与创新情景[J].科研管理,2023,44(6):137-143.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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