科技型企业创业失败修复对象的甄别评估研究
王朋举1，熊壮2
（1.中原工学院 系统与工业工程技术研究中心，河南 郑州450000；
2.郑州航空工业管理学院 商学院，河南 郑州450000）
摘要：创业失败修复对科技型企业失败再创业具有重要作用，但在资源有限约束下需要对创业失败的科技型企业进行甄别，才能发挥好资源支持对科技型企业创业失败修复的效用。为了对科技型企业创业失败修复对象进行科学、准确地甄别评估，在系统分析科技型企业创业失败源的基础上，从属性归因和因果归因的双重维度，构建了包括创业资源获取能力，资源、渠道和方式，创业机会识别能力，市场条件，团队关系和团队正式化等6个一级指标的科技型企业创业失败修复对象甄别评估指标体系，并综合运用区间AHP法、熵权法和拉开档次法，设计了一种主观赋权和客观赋权相结合的组合赋权方式，建立了科技型企业创业失败修复对象甄别评估模型。同时，应用模型对10家创业失败的科技型企业实践案例对象进行了甄别评估。结果表明，根据评估结果在不同属性-因果维度的得分，将科技型创业失败企业划分为能力不足型、缺乏远见型、关系矛盾型、资源稀缺型、市场不佳型和团队背叛型6个类型。研究结论为科技型企业创业失败修复的对象甄别提供一种可供参考和借鉴的思路。
关键词：科技型企业；创业失败；失败修复；甄别评估
为甄别科技型企业创业失败修复对象，本文从属性-因果维度构建了科技型企业创业失败修复对象甄别的评估指标体系，并建立了区间AHP法、熵权法和拉开档次法集成的评估模型，采用10家科技型创业失败企业的实践案例对评估模型的适用性和应用进行了分析，得到以下研究结论：基于属性-因果维度的科技型企业创业失败修复对象的甄别评估，分为创业资源获取能力，资源、渠道和方式，创业机会识别能力，市场条件，团队关系和团队正式化等6个维度，涉及19个衡量指标。基于区间AHP法、熵权法和拉开档次法的组合赋权，有效降低了不同评估指标之间存在的信息重叠和相互关联性对评估结果的失真影响，使评估结果更为合理、科学。根据对评估模型实践案例的应用，按照实践案例企业在不同维度的表现得分，将科技型创业失败企业划分为能力不足型、缺乏远见型、关系矛盾型、资源稀缺型、市场不佳型和团队背叛型6个类型。
Evaluation and distinction of the objects of entrepreneurial failure recovery in technology-based enterprises
Wang Pengju1, Xiong Zhuang2
(1. Center of Systems and Industrial Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China;
2. School of Business, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China)
Abstract:The technology-based enterprise is an important carrier of technology-driven entrepreneurial activity, but affected by the complexity and high uncertainty of innovation and entrepreneurial activity, the entrepreneurial failure of technology-based enterprise is an objective and common phenomenon. However, due to the anti-failure bias, practical and theoretical circles often ignore the concern about entrepreneurial failure. With the deepening of the high-quality development practice of innovation and entrepreneurship in China, as well as relevant theoretical research, it is found that entrepreneurial enterprises with failure experience show more prominent potential in providing jobs, creating wealth, and promoting economic development. It is increasingly recognized that improving the guarantee mechanism for entrepreneurial failure of technology-based enterprises is particularly important to promote the re-entrepreneurship of failed entrepreneurial enterprises and improve the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship. However, constrained by limited resources, the failure recovery policy of entrepreneurial failure is difficult to benefit every technology-based enterprise in the implementation process. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically and reasonably distinguish the objects of entrepreneurial failure recovery, and give full play to the supporting effect of external guarantee mechanism on the entrepreneurial failure recovery of technology-based enterprises.
To accurately distinguish and evaluate the objects of entrepreneurial failure recovery of technology-based enterprises, based on the systematic analysis of the source of entrepreneurial failure, from the dual dimensions of attribute attribution and causal attribution, an evaluation index system was constructed including entrepreneurial resource acquisition ability, resources and their channels and access, entrepreneurial opportunity identification ability, market conditions, team relationship and team formalization are the six first-level indicators for the evaluation of entrepreneurial failure recovery in technology-based enterprises. By using the Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process Method, Entropy Method, and Scatter Degree Method, a combination weighting method that combines subjective weighting and objective weighting was designed, and an evaluation model was established. Meanwhile, the evaluation model was applied to evaluate and distinguish the practice cases of 10 failed technology-based enterprises. Results show that according to the scores of the evaluation results in different dimensions, the technology-based enterprises with entrepreneurial failure can be divided into six types: insufficient ability type, lack of foresight type, relationship contradiction type, resource scarcity type, poor market type, and team betrayal type. According to different types of entrepreneurial failure, targeted recovery methods are adopted.
The contribution of this study lies in two aspects. On the one hand, from the perspective of failure recovery, this study focuses on the distinguishing of the objects of entrepreneurial failure recovery in technology-based enterprises, opens up a new direction for the studies on entrepreneurial failure recovery, and enriches the relevant content in the field of entrepreneurial failure research. On the other hand, from the perspective of attribute causality dimension, this study comprehensively applies a variety of weighting methods, and develops an evaluation model for screening the recovery objects of entrepreneurial failure of technology-based enterprises, which makes up for the deficiency of single-dimensional evaluation of entrepreneurial failure attribution, and enriches the current research status of empirical evaluation in entrepreneurial failure recovery screening.
Key words:technology-based enterprise; entrepreneurial failure; failure recovery; evaluation and distinction
引用本文：王朋举,熊壮.科技型企业创业失败修复对象的甄别评估研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(06):144-153.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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