创新生态系统知识融合的组态路径研究
（中南大学 商学院，湖南 长沙410083）
摘要：知识融合是实现复杂创新的关键资源，创新生态系统是促进跨领域知识融合的重要组织载体。由于核心企业提出的不同价值主张，导致创新生态系统创新目标不同，进而知识融合路径也具有显著差异，然而以往文献鲜少探究。本文基于价值主张异质性视角，遵循“主体—网络—环境”的共生理论框架，采用fsQCA方法探究技术主导型与市场主导型两种价值主张的创新生态系统实现知识融合的具体路径。结果显示：技术主导型创新生态系统知识融合路径有2条，市场主导型创新生态系统知识融合路径有3条；其中存在通用型路径，也存在各自专用型路径。进一步对比分析发现，两类创新生态系统产生高程度知识融合的核心条件不同，各条件之间的匹配与替代关系也存在差异。研究结果从异质性价值主张视角丰富并强化了创新生态系统知识融合前因条件的相关研究，为政府与企业有针对性地制定创新策略，深化跨组织、跨领域间知识深度融合，实现高质量创新发展提供了有益参考。
关键词：创新生态系统；价值主张异质性；知识融合；模糊集定性比较分析
主要研究结论：本研究依据共生理论，构建“主体-网络—环境”的研究框架，通过17家企业及其86家生态成员组织进行问卷调查，采用组态分析技术，揭示了技术主导型与市场主导型创新生态系统知识融合路径。具体阐述如下：
（1）本文依据共生理论以及结合以往研究结论，有机整合了微观创新主体—中观创新网络—宏观创新环境３个层次的６个前因条件；弥补了以往相关文献大多基于创新主体视角、创新网络视角或创新能力视角，割裂探索创新生态系统的不足。创新生态系统本质是一类复杂系统，仅考虑单一维度的变量所构成的研究结论信效度不足等问题，进而对创新生态系统知识融合的前端影响因素以及整合性作用机理形成更完整的认知。
（2）技术主导型创新生态系统驱动高程度知识融合的驱动路径有２条，分别为：中心主体主导型、“主体—网络—环境”联动型；表现为高程度的知识融合主要依靠中心企业自主创新能力的突破性提升。市场主导型路径有3条，包括：环境驱动型、互补主体合力型、“主体—网络—环境”联动型，表现为高程度的知识融合主要依靠互补主体、创新网络以及外部环境的外生动力驱动。本研究基于异质性价值主张，发现的两类创新生态系统具有不同的实现知识融合的组态路径，弥补了以往文献笼统分析创新生态系统的研究不足，拓展与丰富了技术导向与市场导向两类不同价值主张创新生态系统知识融合的理解与认知，也为未来研究进一步针对性地研究不同类型创新生态系统奠定基础。
（3）本文对比分析了技术主导型与市场主导型创新生态系统实现知识融合的通用路径与专用路径，发现“主体—网络—环境”联动型路径在两类创新生态系统中实现知识融合呈现通用路径，表明跨层次的要素联动能够实现知识融合，但是具体的组合要素的侧重点有所不同，技术主导型创新生态系统的通用型路径更强调主导者中心主体能力和运用数字环境；市场主导型创新生态系统的通用型路径则强调创新网络结构与关系发挥核心作用。在专用型路径对比中，本文发现技术主导型创新生态系统的知识融合强调依靠生态主体的内生动力，而市场主导型创新生态系统的知识融合更多依靠外部环境因素。可见，在关键核心技术突破方面要充分激发创新主体知识创造的内生动力，而在市场中营造良好市场环境有利于知识融合与创造。由此，丰富了关于知识融合的理论认知。
Research on the configuration path of knowledge fusion in the innovation ecosystem
Cheng Qiongwen, Zhao Yixuan
(School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan,China）
Abstract:Knowledge fusion is critical for increasing firm productivity and its innovation competitiveness, and an innovation ecosystem is a critical organizational environment for achieving knowledge fusion. The value propositions in the innovation ecosystem with different value goals are heterogeneous, resulting in significant differences in knowledge fusion paths. Regrettably, however, previous literature has rarely investigated it, leading to a misunderstanding of knowledge fusion, which leads to idle knowledge, invalid fusion and reverse fusion of knowledge. As a result, to reverse the current low level of knowledge fusion in an innovation ecosystem, it is critical to investigate the knowledge fusion paths in an innovation ecosystem.
Based on the Organizational Symbiosis Theory and the perspective of value proposition heterogeneity, this paper followed the "subject-network-environment" logic and investigates the configuration of knowledge fusion in the technology-dominant and the market-dominant innovation ecosystems. This study employed the survey data from firm-level innovation ecosystems in China, including information technology, intelligent manufacturing, electronic communication, college and technology incubator. A sample of 272 valid questionnaires was drawn from the above organizations, all of which have experiences with knowledge fusion within two types of innovation ecosystems. The configuration relationship was tested using the fuzzy set qualitative analysis (fsQCA) method.
The results show that the technology-dominant innovation ecosystem has two knowledge fusion configurations and the market-dominant innovation ecosystem has three knowledge fusion configurations. There are general and special configurations, and further comparative analysis revealed that the two types of innovation ecosystems′ core conditions for high-level knowledge fusion differ, as do the matching and substitution relationships between the conditions. The "focal firm-led" and "actors-network-environment linkage" characteristics of the technology-dominant innovation ecosystem can be summarized. The two paths have different conditions, but they both emphasize high-level knowledge integration. The integration is primarily dependent on the focal firms′ breakthrough improvement in their independent innovation capability. The driving paths of market-led innovation ecosystem driving high-level knowledge fusion can be summarized as "environment-driven", "complementary depending on actors′ ability", and "main actors′ ability-network-environment linkage-type". Although the conditions of the three paths are different, they all emphasize that a high degree of knowledge fusion is primarily driven by complementary actors, innovation networks and exogenous driving forces from the external environment. The general configurations of knowledge fusion of technology-dominant and market-dominant innovation ecosystem are "subject-network-environment linkage-type", but the core conditions differ from the marginal conditions, indicating that knowledge fusion is affected by cross-level multi-factors, but the importance of antecedents to produce a high degree of knowledge fusion differs due to the different value orientations of the innovation ecosystem.
The findings enrich and strengthen related research on the antecedents and conditions of knowledge fusion in the innovation ecosystem from the perspective of heterogeneity value goals, allowing enterprises and governments to develop targeted innovation strategies, deepen cross-domain knowledge integration, and achieve high-quality innovation development. This paper reminds managers that when some of the conditions are missing or immature, they can compensate and balance by strengthening other conditions as much as possible, thus they must pay close attention to scientific matching and adjustment.
引用本文：成琼文,赵艺璇.创新生态系统知识融合的组态路径研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(7):41-49.
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