二维范德瓦尔斯磁性材料由于具有高度的可组装性,因此是实现各种具有优异性能的异质结的重要元件。在这些异质结中,磁临近效应是实现这些优异性能的关键之一。但是,由于传统的二维范德瓦尔斯磁性材料外层阴离子一般都具有较小的自旋极化,因此它们产生的磁临近效应都会比较弱。
Fig. 1 Crystal structure and magnetic properties of CrYX.
所以,增大外层阴离子的自旋极化对增强磁临近效应而言是非常重要的。鉴于二维范德瓦尔斯雅努斯(注:Janus,中文翻译为雅努斯,是罗马本土最原始的神。雅努斯神通常被描述成有前后两张面孔,展望着过去和未来)材料不同面可以选择不同的阴离子配对,因此该类材料为设计新奇的二维磁性材料提供了新的探索空间,特别是为实现外层阴离子具有极大自旋极化的二维范德瓦尔斯磁性材料提供了极大的可能。
Fig. 2 DFT + U + SOC calculated band structures. a CrSCl,b CrSBr and c CrSI. d A summary of the DFT calculated induced magnetic moments (M) on the ligand anions of CrSX and other eight representative FM semiconductors. The value of M on S2− ion in CrSBr is highlighted by the green dashed line.
来自中山大学物理学院的侯玉升副教授、北京量子信息科学研究院和清华大学物理系的薛凤博士、美国加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校物理与天文系的武汝前教授,利用二维范德瓦尔斯雅努斯材料不同面阴离子的高度可调性,采用第一性原理计算设计出外层阴离子具有目前报道的最大自旋极化的的铁磁半导体CrSX(X=氯、溴、碘)。基于这些高居里温度的铁磁半导体,该研究发现大带隙的量子反常霍尔效应和较大的能谷劈裂可以通过磁临近效应分别在范德维尔斯异质结CrSBr/Bi2Se3/CrSBr 和MoTe2/CrSBr中实现。
Fig. 3 Electronic and topological properties of CrSBr/BS/CrSBr.
该研究进一步表明,在外加磁场下大的Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya相互作用可以在CrTeX(X=氯、溴、碘)中诱发磁斯格明子。该研究结果揭示了二维范德瓦尔斯雅努斯磁性材料铬基硫卤化物具有多种不同的性能,在拓扑电子学和能谷电子学多功能器件中有诱人的应用前景。该文近期发表于npj Computational Materials 8: 120 (2022),英文标题与摘要如下,点击左下角“阅读原文”可以自由获取论文PDF。
Fig. 4 Electronic and topological properties of CrSBr/MoTe2.
Multifunctional two-dimensional van der Waals Janus magnet Cr-based dichalcogenide halides
Yusheng Hou, Feng Xue, Liang Qiu, Zhe Wang and Ruqian Wu
Two-dimensional van der Waals Janus materials and their heterostructures offer fertile platforms for designing fascinating functionalities. Here, by means of systematic first-principles studies on van der Waals Janus monolayer Cr-based dichalcogenide halides CrYX (Y = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I), we find that CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) are the very desirable high TC ferromagnetic semiconductors with an out-of-plane magnetization. Excitingly, by the benefit of the large magnetic moments on ligand S2- anions, the sought-after large-gap quantum anomalous Hall effect and sizable valley splitting can be achieved through the magnetic proximity effect in van der Waals heterostructures CrSBr/Bi2Se3/CrSBr and MoTe2/CrSBr, respectively. Additionally, we show that large Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions give rise to skyrmion states in CrTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) under external magnetic fields. Our work reveals that two-dimensional Janus magnet Cr-based dichalcogenide halides have appealing multifunctionalities in the applications of topological electronic and valleytronic devices.
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