投稿问答最小化  关闭

万维书刊APP下载

教学笔记〡高考英语阅读理解常考题型及解题技巧

2023/7/3 14:29:47  阅读:149 发布者:

英语阅读理解常考题型及解题技巧

英语阅读技巧

阅读理解可以说是英语考试中分数占比最大的题型了,常说得阅读者得高分,所以要想在英语科取得不错的分数,大家在英语阅读方面一定要下苦功夫。今天给大家盘点一下英语阅读理解的常见题型以及解题技巧~

提高阅读理解能力

阅读理解

1.扩大词汇量:词汇是语言的基本单位,没有一定量的词汇量,阅读理解就无从谈起。因此大家在掌握大纲词汇的基本应用之后,大家还应该了解一定的构词知识,并在此基础上尽可能的扩充词汇量,以减少阅读理解中可能遇到的障碍。

2.掌握语法知识:英语句子的行文中存在着大量的固定句式,常用说法等,如果能够掌握一定量的英语常用句式,我们就可以快速的理解句子所表达的意思,提高我们的阅读效率。

3.提升解题能力:掌握了一定量的词汇和英语语法后,我们就可以进行下一步:针对阅读理解题型的特点,比如文章主旨归纳,细节分析,写作目的分析等题型进行针对性训练,提高我们的解题能力。

题型1

细节分析题

细节分析题在考题中比例几乎是最大的,是针对文章的某句话,某个对象等细节而出题。此类试题的提问方式灵活多变,往往用whatwhyhowwhenwherewho 等来提问,此类题常以 “Which of the following is not true?” 或是 “The following statements are true except…” 等形式提问。而答题的依据一般均在文章中能直接找到, 对文中关键词汇作同义词或同义结构的解释。

解题技巧:

1. 在辨别细节事实题目时,考生需找准题干中的关键词(句),定位到关键词 (句)在文章中出现的具体位置, 答案就在关键词(句)的前后找, 再对比选项作答。

2. 审题时,应对 not truebe not mentioned / includedall the following except 等词语,保持相当的敏锐性。

3. 排除法不失为常用且保险系数较高的方法。选项措辞过于绝对化的,应首先排除。

真题演练

Start your day off right with our continental breakfast free. Not only do we offer a generous variety of traditional continental foodsbut also a couple of hot items each day. Too busy to sit down for breakfastDuring the weekyou can choose to take away a breakfast bag

Which of the following is TRUE about the breakfast in the hotel

A. Chinese foods are also available.

B. All the items provided are hot food.

C. Free continental breakfast is provided.

D. Breakfast can be taken away at weekends.

解析:C 本题询问关于酒店早餐哪个说法正确。根据该段第1句话可知酒店向客人免费提供欧陆式早餐,因而选项C为正确答案。

参考译文:早上起床后,请免费享用我们的欧陆式早餐。我们不但提供丰富多样的传统欧陆美食,而且每天还附送两款热菜。太忙,难以坐下来享用早餐吗?在本周,您可以选择把早餐打包带走……

题型2

辨别指代成分

在文章中为了避免用词重复以使上下文语义连贯, 而使用替代词 (一般有 ittheythemsuch 等),代替上文出现的词、句。

常见提问句型

In Lineof paragraph … , the word theyrefers to-----.

解题技巧:

1. 就近原则:即与该代词或名词最近的名词或名词短语最有可能为被替代词。

2. 顺藤摸瓜:如果按就近原则找不到替代词, 则继续往上寻找, 分析句子成分, 理解句意, 判断逻辑关系。

真题演练

We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoralthat it is wastefuland that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than thatand it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work.The pronoun thatin Line Three of Paragraph One refers to(   ).

A. laziness is immoral

B. laziness is wasteful

C. lazy people will never amount to anything in life

D. all of the above

解析:D 第一段第二句 “We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoralthat it is wastefuland that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. ” (我们可能都参加过一些讲座, 讲座中指出懒惰是不道德的, 就是浪费时间, 懒人将在生活中一事无成) 中 ABC 全部涉及, 因而 that 应指代 D

参考译文:我们可能都参加过一些讲座,讲座中指出懒惰是不道德的,就是浪费时间,懒人在生活中将一事无成。但是懒惰的危害性可能比这更大,懒惰往往是由复杂的原因而不是简单的愿望引起的,以避免工作。

题型3

词义辨析题

语义题也是对文章中的关键词语, 如生词、 多义词进行提问, 需要考生知道或推断出该生词的同义词或该短语 (句) 的引申意义或另一种表述方式。

常见题干类型:

Judging from the contextthe word “…” in this passage most probably means....

解题技巧

1.在答词汇题时,可以依据上下文语义的内在线索和一定的逻辑关系来确定。例如利用被考词的修饰、 限定成分判断其含义。这种修饰、限定成分的表现形式多样, 可以是定语、其他修饰语,特殊标点符号后面的内容,甚至是该词下属的例子及定义,可以通过这些表达从侧面理解被考词的含义。

2.还可以通过把握连接词(如andor等)所表达的关系来判断被考词的含义。一般来说, and连接的内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,而or连接的内容在含义上往往相反,但有时 or 后面的内容也是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明。当然其他表递进、 转折、 因果等关系的信号词均可用来帮助判断词义。

3.选项含义与被考词表面上相近的一般不是答案项。

真题演练

Great business presenters relate their ideas and concepts to their audience by using simplepowerful diagrams instead of relying on text-based slides. In factdrawing diagrams forces a presenter to make the idea clear even at the preparation stage. It is impossible to draw a diagram when you are not clear about an idea. When your

ideais clearit is easier to transfer it.

The underlined word transferin this passage most probably means(    ) .

A. create

B. pass on

C. take off

D. describe

解析:B 该段讨论的主要是关于如何才能让介绍的信息简单、易懂,也就是如何才能将信息传达给听众,其中一个做法就是降低信息的难度, 信息越浅显, 就越容易“传达”出去,根据这个主要内容, 可推断 transfer 在原文也和信息的 “传达”“表达”有关, 故本题选 B pass on 最符合上下文的意思。观点不是被 “创造” 的,所以 A create排除。C take off 与上下文的内容不属于同一个领域。D describe不如 “ 传达” 那么契合上下文的意思。

参考译文:高明的业务介绍人会通过简单而具有感染力的图表将他们的理念和观众联系起来,而非只使用文本幻灯片。事实上,画图的方式迫使陈述人在准备阶段理清观点。如果你对观点没有清晰的把握,你是不可能画出图来的。清晰的观点才更容易传达出去。

题型4

主旨归纳题

主题句在大多数情况下出现在比较重要的位置, 如文章的开头或结尾。如果一篇文章包括多个段落, 一般来说每个段落的首句也是本段的主题句。文章主题句之外的其他内容一般都是对主题句的解释、补充说明或列举事实等。另外,有些阅读材料的主题思想不是十分明确,需要通读全文,抓住主要论点或论题来归纳出中心思想。应该注意的是, 在归纳中心思想时,要从文章实际内容出发,在事实依据的基础上进行判断、推论和归纳

主旨题常见题干类型如下:

What is the main idea / subject of this passage

What does the passage mainly discuss

What does this passage mainly / primary concern

This passage is mainly about...

The main point of the passage is...

Which of the following is the best title

What is the best title for the passage

解题技巧:

1. 解此类主旨题时, 首先要抓住主题段和各段中的主题句。由于目前考试文章以议论文和说明文居多, 其主题段往往位于首段或末段, 再加上各段主题句, 中心比较容易找到。

2. 阅读时,注意出现频率高的单词,这些词可能就是蕴含中心思想的关键词。这些关键词可能是同一词多次出现,也可能是同一类词贯穿全文。

3. 单从选项内容上判断,那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是答案项,而内容片面单一的选项应排除。

真题演练

Finding a good work-at-home job is not easy. Although you see all the online advertisingthere arent that many of them. Those that are available may require that you live in a certain area or spend at least some time in the office. Others may be only part-time jobs.

Keep in mind that the skills needed for home employment are similar to those needed for working in an office.Youll also need a home office with a high-speed Internet connectionphonefaxcomputerprinterand other basic office equipment.

To get startedconsider your job search as your job. Spend as many hours per week on your job search as you would spend working. If youre looking for full-time workyou should be spending full-time hours seeking a job.

Networking(人际关系)remains the top way to find a job and it does work. Develop contactsfriendsfamilyeven the other job seekersanyone who might have the information you need.You can take a direct approach and ask for job information or try a less formal approach and ask for information and advice.Contact everyone you know and tell them you want to work from home. You may be surprised by the people they know and the job information they can provide.

The passage is mainly about

A. how to build a work-at-home office

B. how to look for a work-at-home job

C. the equipment needed for home working

D. the skills required for working from home

解析:B 本文第1段主要分析了寻找在家上班的工作的困难,第 2 段主要介绍了这种工作的要求,第 34 段提供了如何找这类工作的建议。总结来看,全文主要围绕“如何找一份在家上班的工作” 这一主题, 即 B 项。文中没有提及如何打造在家上班的办公室的相关信息, A项没有原文依据。C项是第 2 段第 2 句提到的细节,而D项是第2段第 1句的细节, 均不能概括全文。

题型5

写作目的题

写作目的题属于主旨归纳题的范畴,要求考生理解文章基本内容,抓住文章中心思想,从而弄清作者的写作意图。

该题型的各种提问形式可以归纳如下:

What is the authors main purpose of this passage

Why does the author mention…?

The authors purpose in writing this passage is

解题技巧:

1. 一般写作目的是围绕主题来归纳的。

2. 语义转折处, 尤其是段首的语义转折处, 常是考点。因为转折后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点, 而这又正是文章中心思想的所在。

3.因果句常考。因果句也可表现出作者的目的、 观点或文章的主题, 因此可成考点。

真题演练

Dear Mr. Li Dong

I am pleased to confirm that you have a conditional offer of a place at the University of Luton.

You should arrive in time for Welcome Weekwhich begins on 16th September2018.

Teaching begins on 30th September2018. Howeverthe university will admit students up to two weeks after this date.

You have been made a conditional offer. As soon as you have met the conditions set for youplease inform International Admissions in writing by letter or fax with a copy of your certificate ifapplicable. International students in their first year of study at Luton can apply for a place to stayin the university. You should therefore ensure that you or your sponsor can provide at least $600 per month to support yourself. All students whose first language is not English are expected to obtain formal English proficiency certificates.

Please return the attached Reply Slip to us as soon as possibleindicating whether or not you wish to accept the conditional place offered to you. We look forward to hearing from you again soon. If you have any questions about your offer or your stay in the universityplease do not hesitate to contact International Admissions.

The purpose of the letter is to ask the applicant whether(  ).

A. he accepts the offer

B. he needs financial support

C. he wants help in applying for a visa

D. he wishes to share a flat with others

解析:A 本题要求判断这封信的写作目的。开头一句就提到收信人获得了有条件的录取通知书 (have a conditional offer);最后第一段开头提及要尽快回复回执,并明确告之是否希望接受条件。由此可推断这封信是询问申请人是否接受这份有条件的录取通知, 故Ahe accepts the offer (他接受录取通知) 正确。B项提到的financial support (经济支持)是由申请人或担保人提供的,而这封信是由校方发出的,与他们无关。C项中的 visa(签证) 和D项中的 share a flat (共享公寓) 都没有在文中提到。

转自:“初高中英语学科教研”微信公众号

如有侵权,请联系本站删除!


  • 万维QQ投稿交流群    招募志愿者

    版权所有 Copyright@2009-2015豫ICP证合字09037080号

     纯自助论文投稿平台    E-mail:eshukan@163.com