多维邻近性、创新开放度与合作创新绩效——基于网络演化视角
刘微微，金英哲，毕克新
（哈尔滨工程大学 经济管理学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006)
摘要：本文利用2004—2018年中国新能源汽车产业联合申请专利数据，基于网络演化视角，将新能源汽车产业合作创新网络演化过程划分为孕育期、萌芽期和成长期，考察了在合作创新网络演化的不同阶段中地理邻近性、技术邻近性和组织邻近性对合作创新绩效的影响，并进一步探讨创新开放度的调节作用。实证结果表明：地理邻近性和技术邻近性对合作创新绩效具有显著正向影响，而组织邻近性对合作创新绩效则具有显著负向影响。随着新能源汽车产业合作创新网络演化依次经历孕育期、萌芽期和成长期，地理邻近性的影响先减少后增加，技术邻近性的影响逐渐增加，组织邻近性的影响先增加后减少。此外，创新开放度对多维邻近性与合作创新绩效之间的关系存在部分调节作用。
关键词：多维邻近性；创新开放度；合作创新绩效；网络演化
主要研究结论：本文选用2004—2018年中国新能源汽车产业联合申请专利数据作为研究样本，探讨多维邻近性在合作创新网络演化的不同阶段中对合作创新绩效的动态影响，并进一步考察创新开放度的调节作用，实证结果表明：
（1）地理邻近性在合作创新网络演化的孕育期、萌芽期和成长期对合作创新绩效均有显著的促进作用，且影响先减少后增大。
（2）技术邻近性除在孕育期的影响不显著外，在萌芽期和成长期对合作创新绩效都有显著的促进作用且随着合作创新网络的演化影响逐渐增大。
（3）组织邻近性在孕育期对合作创新绩效起负向作用，在萌芽期影响不显著，在成长期又呈现出显著负向影响，组织邻近性对合作创新绩效的影响先增大后减小。
（4）创新开放度在多维邻近性与合作创新绩效的关系中有部分调节作用。其中，创新开放广度正向调节技术邻近性与合作创新绩效之间的关系，创新开放深度正向调节地理邻近性、技术邻近性与合作创新绩效的关系。
Multidimensional proximity, innovation openness and cooperative innovation performance:A study from the perspective of network evolution
(School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang, China)
Abstract:With the improvement of industrial technology complexity, innovation is becoming more and more difficult. Organizations acquire complementary innovation resources and improve their innovation ability through cooperation with external innovation subjects. Cooperative innovation has become an important form of organizational innovation activities. The relationship between organizational characteristics is one of the most important factors which affect organization cooperative innovation performance. For example, geographical distance, technology composition and organization type can influence the cooperative innovation performance. Therefore, it can better guide the organization selection object of cooperative innovation and cooperative innovation activities to explore how multidimensional proximity affects collaborative innovation performance. Innovation openness index reflects the degree of organizational openness to the outside world, and is an important factor for organizations to search for cooperative partners and develop cooperative innovation. The analysis of the moderating effect of innovation openness can further improve the influence mechanism of multidimensional proximity on cooperative innovation performance.
Based on the perspective of network evolution, this paper explored the dynamic impact of multidimensional proximity on cooperative innovation and revealed the moderating effect of innovation openness. Based on the data of joint application for patent of Chinese new energy vehicle industry from 2004 to 2018, this paper divided the evolution stage of Chinese new energy vehicle industry cooperation innovation network into breeding phase, germination phase and growth phase. The effect of multidimensional proximity on collaborative innovation performance and the moderating effect of innovation openness in three stages were investigated. The empirical results showed that geographic proximity and technological proximity have significant positive effects on cooperative innovation performance, while organizational proximity has significant negative effects on cooperative innovation performance. With the evolution of the cooperative innovation network of the new energy vehicle industry, the influence of geographical proximity decreases first and then increases, the influence of technological proximity increases gradually, and the influence of organizational proximity first increases and then decreases. In addition, innovation openness partially moderates the relationship between multidimensional proximity and cooperative innovation performance (innovation openness breadth positively moderates the relationship between technological proximity and cooperative innovation performance and innovation openness depth positively moderates the impact of geographic proximity and technological proximity on collaborative innovation performance).
From the perspective of network evolution, this study analyzed the impact of multidimensional proximity between cooperative innovation organizations on cooperative innovation performance, and further discussed the moderating effect of innovation openness. It will provide scientific guidance and reference for innovation organizations to choose partners in different network evolution stages, improve their cooperative innovation performance by taking advantage of proximity, and give full play to proximity advantage by formulating appropriate innovation openness degree.
According to the research results, first of all, organizations can improve the performance of cooperative innovation by improving logistics and transportation, strengthening communication, and cooperating with geographically close organizations. Secondly, innovation organizations should constantly increase innovation input, strengthen innovation personnel training, and choose organizations with similar technical structure for cooperation. Thirdly, innovation organizations should cooperate with innovation subjects of different organization types to realize resource exchange and advantage complementation so as to improve cooperative innovation performance. Finally, organizations should pay attention to the moderating effect of innovation openness. Extensive cooperation between innovation subjects and external organizations is conducive to enhancing the positive impact of technological proximity on cooperative innovation performance, while close cooperation with external organizations is conducive to strengthening the positive impact of geographic proximity and technological proximity on cooperative innovation performance.
Key words:multidimensional proximity; innovation openness; cooperative innovation performance; network evolution
引用本文：刘微微,金英哲,毕克新.多维邻近性、创新开放度与合作创新绩效——基于网络演化视角[J].科研管理,2023,44(8):162-172.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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