数字赋能众创空间运行机制研究
方梓旭1，徐莉2
（1.南昌大学经济管理学院，江西 南昌330031；
2.江西师范大学商学院，江西 南昌330022）
摘要：众创空间作为重要的创新创业服务平台，是我国迈入创新型国家前列的关键支撑力量。伴随着数字经济时代的到来，数字技术如何应用于创新创业领域是国家创新驱动发展的重要议题。本文采用案例研究方法，将数字技术应用于众创空间运营管理，构建数字赋能众创空间运行机制。研究发现：数字赋能众创空间运行机制包括众创空间的要素构成、内在逻辑和运作方式。数字赋能众创空间的要素构成包括创业主体、创业服务生态圈和创业外围生态圈；三要素之间相互作用、相互影响，实现层层递进的需求共识、协同共生、价值共创；数字赋能众创空间运作方式则包括创业需求精准化识别（包括精准化感知、挖掘和辨析）、精准化对接、精准化监督。创新性地将数字技术融入众创空间运行机制研究中，丰富了众创空间运行机制研究，为创业生态系统的数字化转型提供启示。
关键词：数字赋能；众创空间；运行机制
主要研究结论：数字技术已应用于经济社会诸多领域。面对众创空间运营管理过程中各主体间存在“数据孤岛”问题，本文研究数字技术对众创空间运营管理的赋能，构建了要素构成-内在逻辑-运作方式的数字赋能众创空间运行机制，并通过中科心客的典型案例分析，证明其可行性和有效性。主要研究结论如下：
第一，作为众创空间运行机制的基础，数字赋能众创空间的要素构成包括创业主体、创业服务生态圈和创业外围生态圈三部分。
第二，作为众创空间运行机制的逻辑依据，数字赋能众创空间的内在逻辑是创业主体、创业服务生态圈和创业外围生态圈三者间相互作用、相互影响，实现层层递进的需求共识、协同共生、价值共创。其中，需求共识是基础，协同共生是核心，价值共创是目标。
第三，作为众创空间运行机制的主体，数字赋能众创空间的运作方式包括创业需求的精准化识别、精准化对接和精准化监督。首先，借助大数据等数字技术，众创空间与初创企业形成双向互动模式，基于需求共识，通过精准化感知、挖掘与辨析的流程来精准化识别创业主体的创业需求，改变其被动接受创业服务的困境，并形成创业需求数据库，为创业需求精准化对接奠定基础。其次，基于协同共生，众创空间通过网络平台等实现创业资源的全方位接入，有效划分创业需求数据库，精准对接创业服务生态圈。最后，基于价值共创，建立数字监督平台，积极落实三元监督模式，精准监督众创空间运营管理过程。
Research on the operational mechanism of digital enabled maker space
Fang Zixu1, Xu Li2
(1. School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China;
2. Business School, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China)
Abstract:Mass entrepreneurship and innovation are important forces that stimulate the vitality of social innovation and entrepreneurship, and create new driving forces for economic development. As a carrier of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", the maker space is an important component of the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, which drives China to become one of the top innovative countries and a world power in science and technology innovation. However, the supply of entrepreneurial services in the maker spaces is currently facing bottlenecks, and the effectiveness of entrepreneurial services is poor. The main reason is that the operating mechanism of the maker space is not standardized, which is reflected in the mutual independence and information asymmetry between the relevant entities in the operation and management of the maker space, forming a "data island", which hinders the collaborative interaction between entrepreneurial supply and demand and reduces the quality of entrepreneurial services.
Based on a review of previous literature, this paper mainly focused on the operational mechanism of traditional maker spaces, neglects specialized maker spaces, separates the composition of elements and operational mechanism of maker spaces, thus failing to systematically reveal the operational way of maker spaces. Reviewing the research on digital technology and entrepreneurial activities, it mainly focuses on a single perspective and level. However, entrepreneurship is a process that requires exploring the impact of digital technology on entrepreneurial activities from the perspective of integrating entrepreneurial projects and resources, as well as cross-level exploration of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Therefore, this paper attempts to introduce digital technology into the operation and management of maker spaces. Taking "Zhongke Xinke" as the case of study, we will build the operational mechanism for a specialized maker space based on digital enabling, promoting the maker space to become a low-cost, high-quality, and widely covering innovation and entrepreneurship service system.
The research conclusions are as follows: the operational mechanism of the maker space based on digital enabling includes the composition of the elements, internal logic, and operational ways of the maker space. As the foundation of the operation mechanism of the maker space, the elements of the digital enabled maker space include three parts: the entrepreneurial subject, the entrepreneurial service ecosystem, and the entrepreneurial peripheral ecosystem. As the logical basis for the operation mechanism of the maker space, the inherent logic of digital enabling of the maker space is the interaction and influence of the three elements, achieving a progressive consensus on demand, collaborative symbiosis, and value co-creation. Among them, demand consensus is the foundation, collaborative symbiosis is the core, and value co-creation is the goal. As the main body of the operation mechanism of the crowdsourcing space, the operation method of the digital enabled crowdsourcing space includes precise identification of entrepreneurial needs (including precise perception, precise mining and precise analysis of entrepreneurial needs), as well as precise docking and precise supervision of entrepreneurial needs.
The innovations of this paper are as follows: Firstly, it attempts to introduce digital technology into the operational mechanism of maker space, explore the impact of digital technology on entrepreneurial activities from a cross level perspective in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, build the operational mechanism of maker space based on digital enabling, and expand the research scope of digital technology and entrepreneurial activities. Second, different from focusing on the operational mechanism of the traditional maker space, which overemphasizes the traditional entrepreneurial ecological systems theory and ignores the development practice of maker space, this paper focuses on the specialized maker space and explores its operational mechanism by introducing the typical case of "Zhongke Xinke". Thirdly, it analyzes the roles and internal connections of its constituent elements, integrates them into the operational mechanism, systematically reveals the operational ways of the maker space, and thus building a hierarchical operational mechanism for the maker space.
Key words:digital enabling; maker space; operational mechanism
引用本文：方梓旭,徐莉.数字赋能众创空间运行机制研究[J].科研管理,2023,44(07):105-113.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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