以下文章来源于建筑学研究前沿FoAR ，作者FoAR编辑部
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论 文 题 目
Manuscript Title
Lighting, colour and geometry: Which has the greatest influence on students’ cognitive processes?
照明、色彩与几何：哪个设计元素对学生的认知过程影响最大？
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作 者
Authors
Mar ́ıa Luisa Nole ́ Fajardo (a)*, Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo (a)(b), Carmen Llinares (a)
(a) Instituto Universitario de Investigacio ́n en Tecnologı ́a Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia, Valencia 46022, Spain
(b) School of Architecture, Art and Design, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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论 文 摘 要
Abstract
Many studies have analysed the effects that design elements, such as lighting and colour, have on students’ cognitive functions. These analyses, while providing useful information, do not allow researchers to compare the effects of multiple design elements. The objective of the present study is to analyse the relative influence of lighting, colour and geometry on attention and memory, the main cognitive functions that underlie learning, and on preference. In a controlled, virtual reality (VR)-based experiment, 200 university students (100 male/100 female) performed attention, memory and preference tests in classrooms with different configurations of lighting (colour temperature and illuminance), colour (saturation and hue) and geometry (height and width). The results identified significant gender-based differences, which demonstrates the need to segment, by gender, samples in this type of study. Lighting had the greatest influence, significantly affecting males’ memories, females’ attention and the preferences of both genders. Colour was also an influential element, significantly affecting females’ attention, while geometry was the least influential. Finally, it should be highlighted that attention was the metric most sensitive to design variations. These results may be of interest to architects, interior designers and engineers who wish to create classrooms that satisfy students’ psychological needs.
许多专业研究分析了设计元素（例如照明和色彩）对学生们认知能力的影响。这些分析虽然提供了有用的信息，但并没有为研究者们对这些设计元素进行比较提供太多空间。本文的研究目的是分析照明、色彩与几何对人们注意力、记忆力（对学习来说很重要的认知功能）以及偏好的相对影响。在一项基于虚拟现实（VR）的受控实验中，200名大学生（男女各100位）在不同照明（色温与照度）、色彩（饱和度与色调）、几何（高度与宽度）均不同配置的教室里进行了关于注意力、记忆力和偏好的测试。实验结果显示出基于性别的显著差异，这表明在研究中需要按性别来划分样本。其中，照明条件对学生们的影响最为显著，包括男性的记忆力、女性的注意力，以及男女的偏好。色彩条件也具备一定影响力，其显著影响了女性的注意力。几何形状的影响力最小。最后，研究强调，注意力是对设计变量最敏感的度量。这一研究结果也许会为建筑师、室内设计师，以及结构工程师在设计满足学生心理需求的教室时提供些许帮助。
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关 键 词
Keywords
Classroom design / 教室设计
Memory / 记忆力
Attention / 注意力
Preference / 偏好
Virtual classroom / 虚拟教室
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章 节 标 题
Sections Title
1. Introduction / 引言
2. Materials and methods / 研究内容与方法
2.1. Sample / 样本
2.2. Stimuli / 刺激
2.3. Virtual simulation set-ups / 虚拟仿真设置
2.4. Procedure / 程序
2.5. Metrics / 指标
2.6. Statistical analysis / 数据分析
3. Results / 研究结果
3.1. Phase I: analysis of sense of presence / 阶段一：存在感分析
3.2. Phase II: analysis of the impact of design elements on the variables students’ memory, attention and preferences / 阶段二：分析设计元素对学生记忆力、注意力以及偏好这些变量的影响
3.3. Phase III: analysis of the impact of design elements on the variables students’ memory, attention and preferences, as a function of gender / 阶段三：将性别作为一个函数，分析设计元素对学生记忆力、注意力以及偏好这些变量的影响
4. Discussion / 探讨
5. Conclusions / 结论
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作 者 介 绍
Authors Information
Mar ́ıa Luisa Nole ́ Fajardo
Instituto Universitario de Investigacio ́n en
Tecnologı ́a Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech)
Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia, Spain
Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo
Investigator
Instituto Universitario de Investigacio ́n en
Tecnologı ́a Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech)
Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia, Spain
Architect and Master in Sustainable City and Architecture from the University of Seville.
Researcher and Project Manager at the Neuroarchitecture Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Valencia.
Guest Professor at the School of Art, Architecture and Design of the Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico).
Skills and Expertise: neuroarchitecture • Environmental Psychology • Quantitative & Qualitative Research • Interior Design • Virtual Reality
Carmen Llinares
Associate Professor
Instituto Universitario de Investigacio ́n en
Tecnologı ́a Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech)
Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia, Spain
Disciplines: Quantitative Social Research • Architectural Engineering
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