原文
写作思路分析如下：
1. 提出研究背景和问题的重要性
"With a scarcity of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer disease (AD), prevention is critical."
2. 引入核心概念
"Enhancing cognitive reserve, operationalized as preserved cognitive health despite the presence of brain pathology, is a promising path toward dementia prevention."
3. 指出已知的相关因素
"Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and cognitive stimulation are 2 modifiable behaviors that may enhance cognitive reserve and reduce dementia risk, yet it is unclear who benefits most from these activities."
4. 回顾现有研究,指出研究空白
"Sex differences associated with cognitive benefits of physical activity are evident but mixed. Although meta-analytic reviews aggregating retrospective data suggest a stronger relationship between exercise and cognition in women than men, recent prospective studies, including an exercise randomized controlled trial, show larger cognitive gains following exercise in men than in women."
5. 进一步指出研究空白
"Even less is known about sex differences on the benefit of cognitive stimulation on cognitive reserve."
6. 引入其他可能影响因素
"Factors such as sex, APOE4, the major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, and their interaction importantly affect cognitive trajectories, yet little is known on whether they moderate the beneficial effects of modifiable lifestyle activities on cognitive reserve."
7. 阐述本研究的具体目标
"The current study investigated whether associations of physical and cognitive activities with cognitive reserve are modified by sex and APOE4 carrier status in multiethnic, community-dwelling older adults."
8. 强调研究的意义
"This approach will enable a better understanding of which modifiable factors may influence cognitive reserve and in whom."
这篇Introduction从广泛的背景逐步聚焦到具体的研究问题,同时指出了现有研究的局限性,最后提出了本研究的目标和意义。
相关表达分析：
1. disease-modifying treatments：相对于对症治疗（symptomatic treatments）而言，指从病因和机制入手根治疾病的疗法。
2. ... cognitive reserve, operationalized as preserved cognitive health despite the presence of brain pathology ...：operationalized类似于defined as，但它更强调将抽象概念转化为可测量的变量，带有更多的科学研究方法学的含义，强调了研究人员如何将抽象的cognitive reserve这个概念转化为具体的、可测量的现象。
3. modifiable behaviors：指人们可以通过自主选择和努力来改变或调整的行为，这里指physical activity和cognitive stimulation，与年龄、性别或遗传因素等不可改变的特征相对。
4. Sex differences associated with cognitive benefits of physical activity are evident but mixed. Although meta-analytic reviews aggregating retrospective data suggest a stronger relationship between exercise and cognition in women than men, recent prospective studies, including an exercise randomized controlled trial, show larger cognitive gains following exercise in men than in women. 这里mixed是指研究结果的不一致，具体是指后面提到的两种相反的研究结果。
5. Factors such as sex, APOE4, the major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, and their interaction importantly affect cognitive trajectories, yet little is known on whether they moderate the beneficial effects of modifiable lifestyle activities on cognitive reserve. 这里cognitive trajectories指的是一个人认知能力随时间变化的路径或模式。trajectories这个词突显了认知功能随时间变化的复杂性，以及多种因素如何共同影响这一过程。moderate指的是一个变量（调节变量）影响另外两个变量之间关系的强度或方向，在这个句子中，它指的是性别、APOE4基因状态等如何影响生活方式活动（如体育活动和认知刺激）对认知储备的有益效果。那这里把moderate替换成influence或affect可否？不太合适，moderate表示一个变量改变了其他两个变量之间的关系，是一种间接的、调节性的影响，而influence 或 affect表示一个变量直接影响另一个变量，是一种更直接的、单向的影响。
6. community-dwelling older adults：指独立生活在社区中的老人，是相对于那些住在养老院或疗养院需要特殊照护的老人而言。
转自立文悉通微信公众号，仅作学习交流，如有侵权，请联系本站删除！
