单一作者
格式应为“(作者姓氏(非首字母),发表年份)”。若作者姓名在文章中已被提及,只需标出年份就好(若需要可加上页数),仍需使用括号。多位作者以上同理。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005). Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
两位作者
作者姓氏必须以他们的名字在其发表文章内的顺序来排序。若两个作者都在括号内引用,名字中间需加上“&”符号;若不在括号内则使用“and”。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling & Liu, 2005). Pauling and Liu (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
3至5位作者
第一次引用时需列举全部的作者,往后若引用相同的文献,只需举出最主要的作者,再加上“et al.”。但是,在参考文献部分,全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, Liu, & Guo, 2005). Pauling, Liu, and Guo (2005) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling et al., 2005).
6位作者以上
举出第一位作者即可,格式应为“(作者 et al.,年份)”。在参考文献部分,全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。
Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
多篇文献,同一作者
若一作者有多篇你想引用的文献,只需用逗号来区隔作品的发表年份(最早到最晚依序排列)。若多篇文献在同一年内发表,请在年份后面加上a、b、c……等标注。(按:abc的使用需与参考文献部分有所对应,而这些文献的编排以标题名称的字母来决定。)
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b). Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism
多篇文献,多位作者
根据上一个的规则,并且使用分号隔开。排序先依照作者姓氏的字母,接着是发表年份。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Alford, 1995; Pauling, 2004, 2005; Sirkis, 2003)
直接引述
格式与前述无不同,一样为“(作者,年份,页数)”。
When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said “I think it’s the reinforcement” (Pauling, 2004, p. 69).
参考文献列举(Reference List)
在参考文献部分,APA格式规定部分的人名必须以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,包括名(first name)的前缀。
单一作者著作的书籍:
Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
两位作者以上合著的书籍:
Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.
文集中的文章:
Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.
期刊中的文章(连续页码):
Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God’s long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.
期刊中的文章(非连续页码):
Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.
月刊杂志中的文章:
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
报纸中的文章:
Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are “Problematastic” says Mayor. Toronto Sol. p. 4.
政府官方文献:
Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees (MP 65–347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue.
针对电子文献、网站和线上文章,APA格式的网站上有订定一些基本的规则,第一就是提供读者详细的文献内容来源,第二为提供其有效的参考来源。
网络文章的打印版本
Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black and white [Electronic version].Journal of Pointless Research, 11,123–124.
电子期刊的文章(只有网络版的期刊)
Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture.Felines & Felons, 4,Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址
电子短信(newsletter)的文章
Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update.Off the beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址
单篇线上文献(无作者及著作日期)
What I did today.(n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from 网页地址
从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献
Rogers, B. (2078).Faster-than-light travel: What we’ve learned in the first twenty years.Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site: 网页地址
从数据库搜寻的期刊文章的电子复制版本(3至5位作者)
Costanza, G., Seinfeld, J., Benes, E., Kramer, C., & Peterman, J. (1993). Minutiæ and insignificant observations from the nineteen-nineties.Journal about Nothing, 52,475–649. Retrieved October 31, 1999, from NoTHINGJournals database.
电子邮件或其他个人通讯(限定文字)
(A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001).
储存于光碟的书籍
Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.
储存于录音带的书籍
Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.
单一作者
格式应为“(作者姓氏(非首字母),发表年份)”。若作者姓名在文章中已被提及,只需标出年份就好(若需要可加上页数),仍需使用括号。多位作者以上同理。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005). Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
两位作者
作者姓氏必须以他们的名字在其发表文章内的顺序来排序。若两个作者都在括号内引用,名字中间需加上“&”符号;若不在括号内则使用“and”。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling & Liu, 2005). Pauling and Liu (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
3至5位作者
第一次引用时需列举全部的作者,往后若引用相同的文献,只需举出最主要的作者,再加上“et al.”。但是,在参考文献部分,全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, Liu, & Guo, 2005). Pauling, Liu, and Guo (2005) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling et al., 2005).
6位作者以上
举出第一位作者即可,格式应为“(作者 et al.,年份)”。在参考文献部分,全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。
Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
多篇文献,同一作者
若一作者有多篇你想引用的文献,只需用逗号来区隔作品的发表年份(最早到最晚依序排列)。若多篇文献在同一年内发表,请在年份后面加上a、b、c……等标注。(按:abc的使用需与参考文献部分有所对应,而这些文献的编排以标题名称的字母来决定。)
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b). Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism
多篇文献,多位作者
根据上一个的规则,并且使用分号隔开。排序先依照作者姓氏的字母,接着是发表年份。
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Alford, 1995; Pauling, 2004, 2005; Sirkis, 2003)
直接引述
格式与前述无不同,一样为“(作者,年份,页数)”。
When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said “I think it’s the reinforcement” (Pauling, 2004, p. 69).
参考文献列举(Reference List)
在参考文献部分,APA格式规定部分的人名必须以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,包括名(first name)的前缀。
单一作者著作的书籍:
Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
两位作者以上合著的书籍:
Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.
文集中的文章:
Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.
期刊中的文章(连续页码):
Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God’s long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.
期刊中的文章(非连续页码):
Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.
月刊杂志中的文章:
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
报纸中的文章:
Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are “Problematastic” says Mayor. Toronto Sol. p. 4.
政府官方文献:
Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees (MP 65–347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue.
针对电子文献、网站和线上文章,APA格式的网站上有订定一些基本的规则,第一就是提供读者详细的文献内容来源,第二为提供其有效的参考来源。
网络文章的打印版本
Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black and white [Electronic version].Journal of Pointless Research, 11,123–124.
电子期刊的文章(只有网络版的期刊)
Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture.Felines & Felons, 4,Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址
电子短信(newsletter)的文章
Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update.Off the beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址
单篇线上文献(无作者及著作日期)
What I did today.(n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from 网页地址
从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献
Rogers, B. (2078).Faster-than-light travel: What we’ve learned in the first twenty years.Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site: 网页地址
从数据库搜寻的期刊文章的电子复制版本(3至5位作者)
Costanza, G., Seinfeld, J., Benes, E., Kramer, C., & Peterman, J. (1993). Minutiæ and insignificant observations from the nineteen-nineties.Journal about Nothing, 52,475–649. Retrieved October 31, 1999, from NoTHINGJournals database.
电子邮件或其他个人通讯(限定文字)
(A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001).
储存于光碟的书籍
Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.
储存于录音带的书籍
Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.
另外,论文参考文献列表中的格式也需要和文中引用的格式对应。最重要的一点是确保所有的文献信息都是正确的,否则很容易被认定为学术抄袭。
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