IMRaD 是研究论文中最常用的写作逻辑结构，也是 SCI 论文写作最常用的结构。据国际医学期刊编辑委员会公开信息显示，“ IMRaD 结构并非人为的发表格式，而是科学探索过程的真实再现。”
本文我们将探讨什么是 IMRaD 论文，讨论它的结构，帮助你了解如何有效地组织和展示你的科学研究。掌握 IMRaD 格式将提高清晰简洁地传达研究成果的能力。
IMRaD 是整篇论文最重要的主体部分，它是首字母缩写词，代表 Introduction、Materials & Methods、Results 和 Discussion 。这个首字母缩略词涵盖了科研论文的四个主要组成部分，它们分别回答了以下四个基本问题：
01
引言: 为什么要做这项研究？
Introduction: Make a case for your research.
The introduction explains why this research is important or necessary or important. Begin by describing the problem or situation that motivates the research. Move to discussing the current state of research in the field; then reveal a “gap” or problem in the field. Finally, explain how the present research is a solution to that problem or gap. If the study has hypotheses, they are presented at the end of the introduction.
02
方法: 做了什么研究？
Materials & Methods: What did you do?
The methods section tells readers how you conducted your study. It includes information about your population, sample, methods, and equipment. The “gold standard” of the methods section is that it should enable readers to duplicate your study. Methods sections typically use subheadings; they are written in past tense, and they use a lot of passive voice. This is typically the least read section of an IMRaD report.
03
结果: 获得了什么研究成果？以及......
Results: What did you find?
In this section, you present your findings. Typically, the Results section contains only the findings, not any explanation of or commentary on the findings (see below). Results sections are usually written in the past tense. Make sure all tables and figures are labeled and numbered separately. Captions go above tables and beneath figures.
04
讨论: 研究成果意味着什么？如何推动本领域进一步发展？
Discussion: What does it mean?
In this section, you summarize your main findings, comment on those findings (see below), and connect them to other research. You also discuss limitations of your study, and use these limitations as reasons to suggest additional, future research.
IMRaD 在目前的科技论文结构中占据主导地位，这种格式通常用于实验室报告以及社会科学、自然科学、工程和计算机科学中任何有计划的、系统的研究报告。无论是写作前的构思还是在实际写作过程中，通过 IMRAD 法则来架构你的论文会让逻辑结构更为清晰，也有利于论文的规范化。
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