有不少同学结果部分其实还不错，可圈可点，但是摘要写的是真差。要么像科普文，要么完全没有体现出论文的发表价值。
但是，摘要部分是除了标题以外曝光率第二大的论文部分。审稿人或读者在对你的标题感兴趣之后，接下来就是进一步读摘要。很多文献库像Pubmed对于部分期刊只收录摘要而没有全文。
摘要的组成：
1 背景介绍：2-3句话，从一个大的背景，过渡到你所研究主题的小背景
2 研究目的：
即research gap，为什么要进行该项研究
3 用到了哪些方法？
4 得到了哪些结果？
5 最终结论是什么：一句话概括。表明你的研究为什么重要。
摘要写作的Do和Not Do
Do
1 简明扼要。
大多数期刊都有最大字数限制（一般200-300字以内，作者指南会有说明），所以要在规定字数以内将你的内容表述完整，需要字斟句酌。
2 为你的读者写作。
根据你投稿的期刊，读者对象是特定领域的专家吗？是跨学科的吗？他们是非专业人士吗？如果是为普通读者写作，请保持你的语言尽可能简单明了。
3 专注于关键结果、结论和核心观点。
不要把结果部分写的散乱拖沓，反而让人不知道最终该汇聚到哪个结论上。
4 先完成论文全文，再总结为摘要。
5 注意埋入关键词或短语，以便读者在 PubMed 或 Google Scholar 等数据库能搜索到你的论文。
6 多次检查你的摘要是否有拼写和语法错误。这些错误会给编辑和审稿人留下你的研究不可靠的印象。
Don’t 不要
1 夸大研究。学术论文讲究实事求是，一些夸张、华而不实的词汇会招致reviewer的反感和质疑，慎用。比如：revolutionary breakthrough/ perfect/ absolutely certain等。
2 过度推测该项研究未来可能的方向。
3 使用缩略词（除非绝对必要或广为人知，如DNA/RNA）。
4 不必要地重复，例如。“方法部分：我们使用了X技术。结果部分：使用X技术，我们发现......”
5 与论文其余部分的内容相矛盾。比如方法部分、结果部分等。
6 包括论文中未涵盖的内容。比如Results部分并没有陈述的结果细节。
摘要写作例句模版：
背景介绍：
Over the past decade, most research in X has emphasized the use of …
In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on …
Early examples of research into X include … (Smith, 1962; Jones, 1974).
During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on …
The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with …
Over the past two decades, major advances in molecular biology have allowed …
研究目的（research gap）：
To date, little evidence has been found associating X with Y.
Up to now, the research has tended to focus on X rather than on Y.
So far, three factors have been identified as being potentially important: X, Y, and Z.
Since 1965, these four economies have doubled their share of world production and trade.
Until recently, there has been little interest in X.
Recently, these questions have been addressed by researchers in many fields.
In recent years, researchers have investigated a variety of approaches to X but …
More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about …
方法学：
The present study utilises X to analyse …
The current study adopts a case study approach.
A qualitative methodology is employed in this study.
This study uses/utilizes/employs the X technique to …/archival research to …/an X methodology to …/the conceptual tools of …/a quasi-experimental design to …/a descriptive research design to …/an ethnographic approach including …/a multi-method approach combining …/a qualitative research approach in which …/a randomised, double-blind trial involving …
结果介绍：
Further analysis showed that …
A two-way ANOVA revealed that …
Strong evidence of X was found when …
This result is significant at the p = 0.05 level.
A positive correlation was found between X and Y.
There was a significant positive correlation between …
The difference between the X and Y groups was significant.
There was a significant difference in X, t(11) = 2.906, p<0.01.
There was a significant difference between the two conditions …
结论：
The results of this study indicate that …
These findings suggest that …
The findings of this study suggest that …
Taken together, these results suggest that …
The findings of this research provide insights for …
Overall, these findings suggest a role for X in promoting Y.
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