写作Introduction之前，我们首先需要了解好的Introduction应该有哪些关键部分：
①下一个引人注目的“钩子”，便于吸引审稿人和读者的注意；
②重要的背景信息，显示自己的研究在本领域的重要性；
③一个可证明和具体的陈述，自己论文研究的具体问题，或如何解决改善了某些事情。
我们来看Nature Chemistry中的一个例子，它的标题是Long-range ordered and atomic-scale control of graphene hybridization by photocycloaddition （Nat. Chem. 12, 1035–1041 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-0540-2）
从这篇文章的题目和它的TOC我们就能知道它的研究内容是：石墨烯+可控+ photocycloaddition。让我们思考一下，如果是我们自己写这个研究内容的论文，我们该如何来写Introduction？
首先一定和石墨烯相关，其次是石墨烯的官能化可控性的重要性，photocycloaddition的意义（为什么选择这个反应而不是其他的）。
我们来看作者是如何进行第一步“下钩子”的：
Since its isolation as a two-dimensional (2D) system, graphene has been widely acclaimed due to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties, showing great promise for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices1,2,3. However, graphene’s zero bandgap limits its use as an active layer in electronic devices. To pave the way towards practical applications, the functionalization of graphene has been a topic of much interest4. A broad variety of functionalization approaches have been developed, such as ... Controllable and precise functionalization of graphene remains a major challenge, despite considerable progress.
作者首先在第一句话引出所研究的材料石墨烯，借着用一个当前存在的问题（However, graphene’s zero bandgap limits）当钩子，引出the functionalization of graphene和XXX remains a major challenge, despite considerable progress的重要性和意义。
钩子一般的使用方法就是先阐明一个东西是多么的有应用前景，多么的优秀，然后再提出当前所存在的问题，而这个问题恰恰就是自己文章所解决的问题（这个非常重要，否则你写的introduction和你的论文可能一点关系都没有，直接会被拒掉的哦）。
接下来作者开始介绍重要背景：
Cycloaddition has been demonstrated to be an effective path for introducing sp3 hybridization and thereby functionalizing graphene26,27,28. … Even if the reactions were induced, they occur randomly4 or strongly depend on the graphene Moiré pattern formed on specific substrates30,31, and it is difficult to exclude the disturbance from solvent and impurities for the reactions occurred in solution. So far it has not been possible to realize chemical reactions of graphene with molecular networks or to achieve 2D order of reaction sites with atomic/molecular precision. Superior to the reactions that require long soaking, heating, electric pulse or probe tip press, the merits of photocycloaddition—such as simplicity, remote controllability and compatibility with other photorelated techniques—have been recognized; nevertheless, photocycloaddition of graphene has been scarcely reported, with only precedent in aqueous solution32.
重要背景包括Cycloaddition（因为作者研究的photocycloaddition就是环加成的一种）的现状，然后是存在的问题they occur randomly4 or strongly depend on…。接着作者总结了这个研究领域的结果So far it has not been possible to…。最后作者再次引领读者关注自己的研究内容photocycloaddition的现状, photocycloaddition of graphene has been scarcely reported。
最后阐述自己论文研究的具体问题：
Here we report an in situ photocycloaddition reaction of an extended molecular network placed on a single-layer defect-free pristine graphene sheet in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), … and confirmed by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. … The reaction is triggered by ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature, with the reaction sites being spatially selective and arranged in 2D long-range order.
Here we report是introduction常用的开头，接着突出自己的重要研究方法，比如这里是实验+计算（density functional theory (DFT) calculations）。最后表明自己的重要结果/结论spatially selective and arranged in 2D long-range order，与前两部分所提出的问题完美契合。
这样一篇出色的introduction就完成了，分成三步，按部就班。记得钩子要吸引人，背景要详实却不赘述，结论/结果的陈述对应自己所提出的现状问题哦。
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