5) 致谢部分
总的要求:Always get approval of your intention to mention someone in the acknowledgement and approval of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement, 即:致谢词和致谢方式必须征得受谢人或单位的同意。
6) 参考文献
总的要求:Reference styles should be specific to each journal, 既:根据各杂志的具体要求,因为各杂志对参考文献部分的编排顺序和格式不尽统一。现将URMSBJ要求的20多种参考文献中最常见的5种格式列举如下:
1) Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1; 124(11): 980-3. [标准杂志文章]
2) The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical excise stress testing:Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 282-4. [作者是个组织]
3) Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1984; 84: 15. [无作者名]
4) Shen HM, Zhang QF. Risk assessment of nickel cardiogenicity and occupational lung cancer. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 Suppl 1: 275-82. [某杂志增刊]
5) Browell DA, Lennard TW. Immunologic status of the cancer patient and the effects of blood transfusion on antitumor responses. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993; 325-33 [无期无卷]
7) 插图说明
总 的要求:Type or point out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page, 既:插图说明要另页双行打印。当插图中有箭头(arrow)、符号(symbol)、数字(number)或字母(letter)时,要在这部分(不是在 插图页上)对其方向、位置等作出非常明确的说明。
8)插图
总的要求:Design your figures for the appropriate reduction, 即:插图要按杂志的版面大小比例进行压缩;不要把插图拍成照片。
9)表格
总 的要求:A table should be a totally self-contained unit of information, 即:表格要作为一个独立的信息单位另页打印。表格要简明清楚,完整(标题、内容和脚注),即使只有一张表格也要标Table 1。
10)照片和说明
总的要求:与7)、8)部分相同。
三、标题与标题页
1.标题
Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly what you have done in your work.(告诉你的同行确切研究了什么)
要求:
1) Short and concise(简明扼要):Write in one line (not a sentence); not containing an active verb; not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces; no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are generally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT, etc.;
2) Informative(信息丰富):State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work;
3) Indexing(便于索引):Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title without overloading it; key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the “Key Words” section of the paper; key words are usually in the beginning or ending place of the title.
示例:(请根据上述原则说明以下标题的修改的理由)
1) 视网膜小血管变化是冠状动脉疾病的一个指标
Original: Retinal arteriolar changes are an indicator of coronary artery disease
Revised: Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery disease
2) 用大剂量氨甲喋呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的初步体会
Original: Preliminary experience in using high dose of methotrexate to treat ALL
Revised: High dose methotrexate therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia
3) 关于饮食中钾含量与血压关系的研究
Original: A study of the relationship between the content of potassium in diet and blood pressure
Revised: Dietary potassium and blood pressure
为了满足标题写作的上述,有时对较长标题可采用副标题(subtitle)处理,如出现:
1) 病例数时,如:对急症室连续170例腹痛病例的回顾性研究
Original: A retrospective study on 170 consecutive cases of abdominal pain in the emergency room
Revised: Abdominal pain in the emergency room: Retrospective study of 170 consecutive cases
2) 研究性质/方法时,如:用磁共振成象术对正常怀孕期间垂体增大进行活体内研究
Original: Use MRI to conduct an in vivo study on the enlargement of the pituitary gland during normal pregnancy
Revised: Pituitary gland growth during normal pregnancy: An in vivo study using magnetic resonance imaging
3) 并列结构时,如:军队卫生防疫工作中出现的问题、原因与对策的初探
Original: A preliminary study on the problems, causes and countermeasures in health and epidemic prevention work of CPLA
Revised: Military health and epidemic prevention: Problems, causes and countermeasures
4) 解释性用词时,如:一例系统性红斑狼疮出现胰腺炎病例报告及文献综述
Original: A case report of SLE appearing pancreatitis and review of literatures
(说明:appear为不及物动词,不能跟宾语;literature一般为不可数名词)
Revised: Pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A case report and review of the literature
5) 提问或选择时,如:慢性腹痛是一种手术症状还是精神症状?
Original: Is chronic abdominal pain a surgical symptom or a psychiatric symptom?
Revised: Chronic abdominal pain: A surgical or psychiatric symptom?
无论何种形式的标题,都是为了达到本文开始所说的标题写作的三个基本要求:简明扼要、信息丰富、便于索引。
2.标题页
根据URMSBJ要求,论文标题及有关著录内容应单独双行打印,称为“标题页”(Title page),其内容包括:
1) 标题 (the title of the article);
2) 所有作者的姓名及其最高学位、所属单位(the name by which each author is known, with his or her highest academic degree and institutional affiliation);
3) 研究工作的归属部门或单位名称(the name of the department and institution to which the work should be attributed);
4) 弃权者(若有)(disclaimers, if any);
5) 负责通讯和校稿作者的姓名能够和详细地址(the name and address of the author responsible for correspondence and proof about the manuscript);
6) 申请副本联系人姓名和地址(the name and address of the author to whom requests for reprints should be addressed);
7) 资助、设备、药品来源(sources of support in the form of grants, equipment, drugs, or all of these);
8) 不超过40个字母(包括间隔)的页眉标题(a short running head of no more than 40 letters and spaces at the foot of the title page);
3.著录部分写法示例
1) 标题:
Use of steroid in the treatment of clinical septic shock
Unstable angina pectoris: Clinical, angiographic and myocadial scintigrapgic observations
2) 姓名:
标准式:Yang Jianguo, Guo Xiao’an *, Ouyang Kunpeng, and Lin Li
变式:YANG Jianguo;OUYANG Kunpeng; Yang, Jianguo, Jiangguo Yang
3) 单位:(From)Microbiology Department of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
4) 地址:800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China **
5) 副本联系:Address reprint requests to: Cai Guangwen, Microbiology of Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. ChinaY
6) 资助:Supported / funded / granted / sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (标书号、合同号等)// A projected funded by the National “863” Program
7) 页眉标题:angina pectoris [原标题见1)]
*当相连的两个汉语拼音为元音字母时,中间加“’”号,以免混淆,又如:Xi’an(西安);
**省市名按拼音连写,如:Henan(河南),Shanxi(山西),Shaanxi(陕西)
4.标题写作中常用词(组)和表达方式
1) 用…(方法/手段)对…进行研究 / 分析 / 观察 / 评价:
study (analysis / observation / evaluation / assessment) of (on) … (by) using (by 方法 / with工具)…
e.g. In vivo study of pituitary enlargement in normal pregnancy using magnetic resonance imaging
2) A对B的作用:
effect of A on B
e.g. Immunomodulatory effect of alkaloid sinomenine in the mouse acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) model
3) A与B的相关性(关系):
correlation (relation / relationship) between A and B, there be
correlation of A with B and C, there be
A (be) correlated with B
常用修饰词: positively (正) / negatively (负) / significantly (明显) / insignificantly (不明显) / strongly (很大) / little (很小)
e.g. Positive correlation of CD44v6 expression with invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer
4) 用…治疗…
use of … in the treatment of ….(病) in… (生物)
e.g. Use of sulphamethizole in the treatment of urinary tract infection in the elderly
5) A 是B
A as B
e.g. Thyroid cancer as a late consequence of head-neck irradiation
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