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SCI论文结构概述
我们在进行论文写作之前，我们要考虑我们的受众群体是谁。当您向特定科学领域的专家撰写有关科学主题的文章时，我们称之为scientific writing。当你写给非专业人士谈论时，我们称之为science writing。
在过去的三个世纪里，科学论文已发展成为传播科学探究结果的工具。科学论文的主要受众非常专业。这些论文的目的有两个：提供信息以便于检索，并提供足够的信息以便读者可以复制科学研究。包含六个主要部分的标准格式可以帮助读者找到预期的信息和分析：
Title——主题以及研究该主题的哪个方面。
Abstract——论文摘要：研究的主要原因、主要结果、主要结论
Introduction——为什么进行这项研究
Method and materials——研究是如何进行的
Result——发现了什么
Discussion——为什么这些结果可能很重要（发现或未发现模式的原因可能是什么）
撰写科学论文的方法有很多种，但没有一种方法是正确的。然而，许多人发现按以下顺序起草块效果最好：
Results, Discussion, Introduction, Materials & Methods, Abstract, 最后是 Title.
或者 Materials & Methods,Results, Discussion, Introduction, Abstract, Title.（实验类我感觉这样写简单点）
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Title
标题应该非常有限且具体。实际上，它应该是对 article's main focus 的简洁总结。
例如
"Renal disease susceptibility and hypertension are under independent genetic control in the fawn hooded rat"
"Territory size in Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii)"
"Replacement of deciduous first premolars and dental eruption in archaeocete whales"
"The Radio-Frequency Single-Electron Transistor (RF-SET): A Fast and Ultrasensitive Electrometer"
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Abstract
文章的摘要。一般在50-100字之间，应说明研究的目标、结果和主要结论。您应该列出研究的参数（研究的时间和地点，如果适用；您的样本量；研究的特定物种、蛋白质、基因等）。将撰写摘要的过程视为从每个部分中提取一两个句子（一个介绍性句子，一个陈述所解决的具体问题的句子，一个列出您的主要技术或程序的句子，描述您的结果的两到三个句子，以及用一句话描述你的主要结论）。
Example
We studied survival of 220 calves of radiocollared moose (Alces alces) from parturition to the end of July in southcentral Alaska from 1994 to 1997. Prior studies established that predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) was the primary cause of mortality of moose calves in the region. Our objectives were to characterize vulnerability of moose calves to predation as influenced by age, date, snow depths, and previous reproductive success of the mother. We also tested the hypothesis that survival of twin moose calves was independent and identical to that of single calves. Survival of moose calves from parturition through July was 0.27 ± 0.03 SE, and their daily rate of mortality declined at a near constant rate with age in that period. Mean annual survival was 0.22 ± 0.03 SE. Previous winter's snow depths or survival of the mother's previous calf was not related to neonatal survival. Selection for early parturition was evidenced in the 4 years of study by a 6.3% increase in the hazard of death with each daily increase in parturition date. Although there was no significant difference in survival of twin and single moose calves, most twins that died disappeared together during the first 15 days after birth and independently thereafter, suggesting that predators usually killed both when encountered up to that age.
Key words: Alaska, Alces alces, calf survival, moose, Nelchina, parturition synchrony, predation
Testa, J.W., E.F. Becker, & G.R. Lee. 2000. "Temporal patterns in the survival of twin and single moose (alces alces) calves in southcentral Alaska." Journal of Mammalogy, 81(1):162-168.
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