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SCI论文撰写,应使用哪些时态

2024/4/19 16:20:07  阅读:86 发布者:

虽然英语的时态用法相当复杂,但是SCI论文中最常见的一般是过去式和现在式,并以现在完成和过去完成时态辅助。已经是很大程度的简化,在这里,完成的意思是使其完整完全做到。完成时态通常用来描述两起事件,并指明两者之间相对的时间关系。

今天小编就从时态开始入手,跟大家分享一些经验。

一般现在时

1. 主要用于描述不受时间限制的客观存在事实或真理,比如:客观陈述作者本人或他人已发表的研究成果,因为已发表的成果被承认是事实。

例如:“The sun rises in the east(太阳从东方升起)“Human babies generally start speaking when they are two years old 婴儿一般两岁时就开始说话

2. 在引用文章内部的图表时用现在时。

例如:Table 4 shows that growth was dependent on temperature.

3. “Introduction”中的文献回顾和 “Discussion”中的大部分,探讨新方法、新结果的意义,都可用一般现在时描述。

例如:The results suggest that…….

一般过去时

1. 描述发生于论文写作之前的事情,包括作者自己所做的工作。

比如:论文中“Materialand Methods” “Results” 的大部分这些在论文动笔前肯定都已经做完,整理完了,所以用过去时。

EgWe measured …… and found that ……

2. 描述前人已经完成或者得到的研究成果时,同样是在过去发生的事情,用过去时。

EgXXX (2015) reported that ……

3. 当描述一些已经过时或失效(当时被认为正确,现在已被验证不正确)的科研结果时,动词要使用过去时。

EgScientists in the 16th century believed that the sun revolved around the earth.

当然,在实际的SCI写作时,还会用到过去完成时、现在完成时等 。

典型的研究论文一般遵循以下格式(Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion )特定时态的使用需要根据论文的章节而定。

摘要(Abstract

摘要反映我们自己的研究结果,研究背景,实验目的,论文结论,采用一般现在时。实验方法,结果及发现,采用过去时。

比如:

研究背景:A method to select non-responders as early as possible is essential for preventing unnecessary toxicity.

实验方法:Human breast cancer cells were injected into nude rats.

实验结果:A new in vivo breast cancer model was successfully established.

论文结论:The present study suggests that ...

前言(Introduction

因为这部分中会阐述你进行研究的理由, 以及介绍目前与该课题有关的已知内容,因此现在式用在此处最为妥当。

研究背景描述的如果是经典原理,事实,或目前为止最前沿的结果,作者写论文时仍认为是正确的(即使是曾经发生的),用一般现在时。

比如:CircRNAs are recently identified as a naturally occurring family of noncoding RNAs that is highly represented in the eukaryotic tranome.

描述已经完成的事,强调 曾经,目前为止对此持肯定态度,用现在完成时。

比如:A large number of circRNAs have been successfully identified in various cell lines and across different species.

曾经的研究,其结果现在为止仍然正确,则一句话中可以既有完成时,也有一般现在时。

比如:Recent studies have shown that exon circularization is facilitated by complementary sequences and regulated by specific protein factors.

以作者为主语,阐述曾经的研究结果,如果该研究结果仍然正确,则谓语动词用过去时,从句中仍使用一般现在时。

比如:Poliseno et al. recently proposed that the high sequence homology enablespseudogenes to compete with their parental genes for a shared pool of common miRNAs.

曾经的研究,但已经过时或失效,作者怀疑其正确性,或要否定其正确性时,用过去时或过去完成时。

比如:Nevertheless,these species had generally been considered to be of low abundance and likely representing errors in splicing.

LincRNA-p21 was initially identified as a direct tranional target of p53.

材料与方法(Materials and Methods

这部分描述了你做了什么,以及怎么做的。因为你所描述的是在写作时已经完成了的工作,因此,只是对于你的行为的简单描述。通常采用一般过去时。

比如:The proliferation of Huh-7, HCT-116, HeLa cells was tested by CCK-8 kit.

结果(Results

描述自己的研究结果,用过去时。

比如:In total, 67,358 distinct circRNA candidates were found in these tissues and 27,296 of these circRNAs contained at least two unique back-spliced reads.

但是,描述图表内容通常采用现在时。

比如:A detailed summary for each sample is provided in Supplementary Table 1.

Figure 1 shows the mean spectra for the original data.

讨论(Discussion

总结此次研究成果,用过去时。

比如:In this study, we identified lincRNA-p21 as a key regulatorof cell proliferation and apoptosis.

对研究结果进行讨论与解释,用现在时。

比如:However, certain circRNAs are predominately expressed in one gene locus and present at substantial levels that suggest these species are purposefully produced.

结论(Conclusion

强调过去的研究成果,用过去时

比如:In conclusion, our study provided a portrayal of circRNAs in different human normal and cancerous tissues.

阐述自己研究成果的意义,用一般现在时。

比如:Taken together, these lines of evidence reveal a new level of diversity in the tranome and their regulation in human cells.

表达将来的研究方向或研究前景,用将来时。

比如:It willbe interesting to explore whether lincRNA-p21 can interact with epigenetic factors.

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