虽然英语的时态用法相当复杂,但是SCI论文中最常见的一般是过去式和现在式,并以现在完成和过去完成时态辅助。已经是很大程度的简化,在这里,“完成”的意思是“使其完整”或“完全做到”。完成时态通常用来描述两起事件,并指明两者之间相对的时间关系。
今天小编就从时态开始入手,跟大家分享一些经验。
一般现在时
1. 主要用于描述不受时间限制的客观存在事实或真理,比如:客观陈述作者本人或他人已发表的研究成果,因为已发表的成果被承认是事实。
例如:“The sun rises in the east(太阳从东方升起)”;“Human babies generally start speaking when they are two years old 婴儿一般两岁时就开始说话”。
2. 在引用文章内部的图表时用现在时。
例如:Table 4 shows that growth was dependent on temperature.
3. “Introduction”中的文献回顾和 “Discussion”中的大部分,探讨新方法、新结果的意义,都可用一般现在时描述。
例如:The results suggest that…….
一般过去时
1. 描述发生于论文写作之前的事情,包括作者自己所做的工作。
比如:论文中“Materialand Methods” 和 “Results” 的大部分这些在论文动笔前肯定都已经做完,整理完了,所以用过去时。
Eg:We measured …… and found that ……
2. 描述前人已经完成或者得到的研究成果时,同样是在过去发生的事情,用过去时。
Eg:XXX (2015) reported that ……
3. 当描述一些已经过时或失效(当时被认为正确,现在已被验证不正确)的科研结果时,动词要使用过去时。
Eg:Scientists in the 16th century believed that the sun revolved around the earth.
当然,在实际的SCI写作时,还会用到过去完成时、现在完成时等 。
典型的研究论文一般遵循以下格式(Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion )特定时态的使用需要根据论文的章节而定。
摘要(Abstract)
摘要反映我们自己的研究结果,研究背景,实验目的,论文结论,采用一般现在时。实验方法,结果及发现,采用过去时。
比如:
研究背景:A method to select non-responders as early as possible is essential for preventing unnecessary toxicity.
实验方法:Human breast cancer cells were injected into nude rats.
实验结果:A new in vivo breast cancer model was successfully established.
论文结论:The present study suggests that ...
前言(Introduction)
因为这部分中会阐述你进行研究的理由, 以及介绍目前与该课题有关的已知内容,因此现在式用在此处最为妥当。
研究背景描述的如果是经典原理,事实,或目前为止最前沿的结果,作者写论文时仍认为是正确的(即使是曾经发生的),用一般现在时。
比如:CircRNAs are recently identified as a naturally occurring family of noncoding RNAs that is highly represented in the eukaryotic tranome.
描述已经完成的事,强调 “曾经”,目前为止对此持肯定态度,用现在完成时。
比如:A large number of circRNAs have been successfully identified in various cell lines and across different species.
曾经的研究,其结果现在为止仍然正确,则一句话中可以既有完成时,也有一般现在时。
比如:Recent studies have shown that exon circularization is facilitated by complementary sequences and regulated by specific protein factors.
以作者为主语,阐述曾经的研究结果,如果该研究结果仍然正确,则谓语动词用过去时,从句中仍使用一般现在时。
比如:Poliseno et al. recently proposed that the high sequence homology enablespseudogenes to compete with their parental genes for a shared pool of common miRNAs.
曾经的研究,但已经过时或失效,作者怀疑其正确性,或要否定其正确性时,用过去时或过去完成时。
比如:Nevertheless,these species had generally been considered to be of low abundance and likely representing errors in splicing.
LincRNA-p21 was initially identified as a direct tranional target of p53.
材料与方法(Materials and Methods)
这部分描述了你做了什么,以及怎么做的。因为你所描述的是在写作时已经完成了的工作,因此,只是对于你的行为的简单描述。通常采用一般过去时。
比如:The proliferation of Huh-7, HCT-116, HeLa cells was tested by CCK-8 kit.
结果(Results)
描述自己的研究结果,用过去时。
比如:In total, 67,358 distinct circRNA candidates were found in these tissues and 27,296 of these circRNAs contained at least two unique back-spliced reads.
但是,描述图表内容通常采用现在时。
比如:A detailed summary for each sample is provided in Supplementary Table 1.
Figure 1 shows the mean spectra for the original data.
讨论(Discussion)
总结此次研究成果,用过去时。
比如:In this study, we identified lincRNA-p21 as a key regulatorof cell proliferation and apoptosis.
对研究结果进行讨论与解释,用现在时。
比如:However, certain circRNAs are predominately expressed in one gene locus and present at substantial levels that suggest these species are purposefully produced.
结论(Conclusion)
强调过去的研究成果,用过去时 。
比如:In conclusion, our study provided a portrayal of circRNAs in different human normal and cancerous tissues.
阐述自己研究成果的意义,用一般现在时。
比如:Taken together, these lines of evidence reveal a new level of diversity in the tranome and their regulation in human cells.
表达将来的研究方向或研究前景,用将来时。
比如:It willbe interesting to explore whether lincRNA-p21 can interact with epigenetic factors.
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