一、Commonmistakes in the title
1.Unnecessary words(词语冗余)
误：TheUse of MR for Microimaging of Benign and Malignant Nodes in the Necks ofPatients
正：MRMicroimaging of Benign and Malignant Nodes in the Neck
分析：正句比误句简洁明了。误句中使用了一些不必要的词，如“The Use of”, “of Patients”.
2.Misplaced modifiers(错位修饰语)
Misplaced： Mechanism of Suppression of Nontransmissible Pneumonia in MiceInduced by Newcastle Disease Virus.
Comment:“Unless this author had somehow managed to demonstrate spontaneous generation,it must have been the pneumonia that was induced and not the mice.”
Corrected： Mechanism of Suppression of Nontransmissible Pneumonia Induced inMice by Newcastle Disease Virus
Analysis：误句的错误在于中心词的后置修饰语位置错误，导致标题意思改变。
Misplaced： Isolation of Antigens from Monkeys Using Complement-FixationTechniques.
Comment：What or who is using complement-fixation techniques, “isolation ofantigens”, “monkeys” or … ? Adjectives(especially the “using”participles) should be near to the words they modify.
Corrected： Isolation of Antigens from Monkeys with Complement-FixationTechniques.
3. Nounclusters(名词堆叠)
误：Electro-acupuncturetherapy enhances injured spinal cord tissue neurotrophine-3 content andpromotes transplanted neural stem cells survival and immigration in rat spinalcord injury
正：Electro-acupunctureenhances the content of neurotrophine-3 and promotes the survival andimmigration of transplanted neural stem cells in injured rat spinal cord tissue
分析：误句是作者为追求简洁而将过多用于修饰的名词堆叠在一起，从而导致标题意思不清楚，增加读者理解困难。
二、Typesof Titles
1. MainTitle(正标题)
2.Running Title(页眉标题)
Definition:the short form of the paper’s title
Place:at the top of every page or every other page of a journal article
Purpose:to help the reader to find a specific article or to catch the reader’sattention when the reader is just browsing through the journal pages
RunningTitle(页眉标题)
例 1: 正式标题：Metabolic Effects of a Growth Hormone– Releasing Factor in Patientswith HIV
页眉标题：Effectsof Tesamorelin in Patients with HIV
例 2: 正式标题：Family-Based Association Study Showing that Immunoglobulin ANephropathy Is Associated with
thePolymorphisms 2093C and 2180T in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Megsin Gene
页眉标题：IgANand Megsin Gene Polymorphisms
3.Subtitle/Hanging Title --- same as a series title except that a colonsubstitutes for the main numeral
例 1：Catastrophic Volcanic Collapse: Relation to Hydrothermal Process(Science 260:1794,1993)
例 2：Intratumoral Immunotherapy: Using the Tumor against Itself
4.Series Title(序号标题): the main title-subtitle given toseries papers which relate to each other closely
例：Bacteria. IV. Cell Wall of Staphylococcus aureus?
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