写作SCI论文，从模仿开始。我们今天就来一起分享一下多伦多大学（University of Toronto）给我们的写作建议。
关于引言的一些一般性建议
1. 有些学生在觉得自己有了完美的引言之后才开始写文章的主体部分。要注意把太多的时间放在引言上是危险的。有些时间可以更有效地用于计划和写作。
2. 你可能是那种先写导言的作家，以探索你自己对该主题的思考。如果是这样，请记住，你可能在以后的阶段需要压缩你的介绍。
3. 在论文写作过程中，把写引言的工作留到以后的阶段也是可以的。有些人在完成文章的其他部分后才写导言。还有一些人先写导言，但根据他们在论文正文中的内容进行大幅改写。
4. 大多数论文的引言可以有效地写在一个段落里，占第一页的一半到四分之三。你的引言可能比这更长，也可能需要超过一段，但要确保你知道原因。引言的大小应与论文的长度和复杂性有一定的关系。一篇20页的论文可能需要两页的介绍，但一篇5页的论文则不需要。
5. 尽快进入正题。一般来说，你要在第一句话就提出你的主题。一个常见的错误是开始时过于宽泛或离题太远。避免一概而论。
6. 如果你的文章有论题，你的论题陈述通常会出现在你的引言的最后，尽管这不是一个硬性规定。例如，你可以在你的论题后面加上一个简短的路线图，勾勒出你的论证的基本结构。论文越长，路线图就越有用。
如何写一个有趣、有效的引言？
请考虑这些策略，以吸引读者的注意力和充实你的Introduction。
1. 找一个惊人的统计数字，说明你要解决的问题的严重性。
2. 引用一位专家的话（但一定要先介绍他或她）。
3. 提到你的论文要反对的一个常见的错误观点。
4. 提供一些理解文章所需的背景信息。
5. 用一个简短的叙述或轶事来说明你选择这个主题的原因。在鼓励个人思考的作业中，你可以利用自己的经验；在研究论文中，叙述可以说明现实世界中常见的情况。
6. 在科学论文中，要解释关键的科学概念并参考相关文献。引出你自己的贡献或干预。
7. 在一篇技术性较强的论文中，定义一个听众可能不熟悉的术语，但对理解文章内容至关重要。
在充实你的引言时，你要避免一些常见的误区。
1. 不要提供字典上的定义，特别是你的听众已经知道的词汇。
2. 不要用教授的措辞来重复作业规范。
3. 不要提供真正属于你的正文段落的细节和深入解释。你通常可以把背景材料推迟到文章的正文中。
以下是原文（https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/intros-and-conclusions/）：
Some general advice about introductions
Some students cannot begin writing the body of the essay until they feel they have the perfect introduction. Be aware of the dangers of sinking too much time into the introduction. Some of that time can be more usefully channelled into planning and writing.
You may be the kind of writer who writes an introduction first in order to explore your own thinking on the topic. If so, remember that you may at a later stage need to compress your introduction.
It can be fine to leave the writing of the introduction for a later stage in the essay-writing process. Some people write their introduction only after they have completed the rest of the essay. Others write the introduction first but rewrite it significantly in light of what they end up saying in the body of their paper.
The introductions for most papers can be effectively written in one paragraph occupying half to three-quarters of the first page. Your introduction may be longer than that, and it may take more than one paragraph, but be sure you know why. The size of your introduction should bear some relationship to the length and complexity of your paper. A twenty page paper may call for a two-page introduction, but a five-page paper will not.
Get to the point as soon as possible. Generally, you want to raise your topic in your very first sentences. A common error is to begin too broadly or too far off topic. Avoid sweeping generalizations.
If your essay has a thesis, your thesis statement will typically appear at the end of your introduction, even though that is not a hard-and-fast rule. You may, for example, follow your thesis with a brief road map to your essay that sketches the basic structure of your argument. The longer the paper, the more useful a road map becomes.
How do I write an interesting, effectiveintroduction?
Consider these strategies for capturing yourreaders’ attention and for fleshing out your introduction:
Find a startling statistic that illustrates the seriousness of the problem you will address.
Quote an expert (but be sure to introduce him or her first).
Mention a common misperception that your thesis will argue against.
Give some background information necessary for understanding the essay.
Use a brief narrative or anecdote that exemplifies your reason for choosing the topic. In an assignment that encourages personal reflection, you may draw on your own experiences; in a research essay, the narrative may illustrate a common real-world scenario.
In a science paper, explain key scientific concepts and refer to relevant literature. Lead up to your own contribution or intervention.
In a more technical paper, define a term that is possibly unfamiliar to your audience but is central to understanding the essay.
In fleshing out your introduction, you willwant to avoid some common pitfalls:
Don’t provide dictionary definitions, especially of words your audience already knows.
Don’t repeat the assignment specifications using the professor’s wording.
Don’t give details and in-depth explanations that really belong in your body paragraphs. You can usually postpone background material to the body of the essay.
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