摘要：本文介绍总结了SCI写作中，论文各部分所涉及的常用句型，以展示常见的表达情景。句型（或示例）仅用于写作参考，可灵活改写句型。
关键词：写作，句型，论文，学术
1. 描述观点的重要性
One of the most significant discussions in current......is ......
It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the .....
X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries.
X is a common disorder characterised by ......
Xs are one of the most widely used/the most potential ......
X is an important component in the climate system and plays a key role in ......
In the new global economy, X has become a major issue for ......
In the history of development economics, X has been considered as a key factor in .......
The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.
X is a major public health problem and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease.
X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics.
Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of .......
X is at the core of our understanding of ......
2. 摘要：强调该研究领域的一个重要问题
However, these rapid/significant changes are having a serious effect ......
However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......
Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.
Despite its safety and efficacy, X exhibits several major drawbacks:
However, research has consistently shown that ......
However, ...... has been rarely studied.
There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......
Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use.
Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......
3. 描述方法：描述不同的方法
To date, various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X.
In most recent studies, X has been measured in four different ways.
X techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine ....
Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways.
Selection criteria of previous studies have been based on ......
A variety of methods have been used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks.
Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during 2020-2022.
4. 解释为何采用一个特殊的方法
The semi-structured approach was chosen because ......
Smith et al. (1994) identified several advantages of the case study, .......
It was determined that the method of … allows the best results for this study.
A case study approach was chosen to allow a ......
The design of the questionnaires was based on ......
The X method is one of the most practical ways to ......
It was considered that quantitative measures would help supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.
Many of the distributions were not normal, and thus non-parametric signed rank tests were run.
The X approach has a number of attractive features: ......
5. 讨论：背景信息
A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.
Previous studies have reported the importance of ......
In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y.
As mentioned in the literature review, ......
Very little was found in the literature on .....
This study aims to assess the importance of X in ......
The third question in this research was ......
It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ......
The present study was designed to determine the effect of ......
6. 讨论：陈述结果
The results of this study show/indicate that .......
This experiment did not show any evidence for ......
In terms of X, this study found that ......
The present study found that ......
The most interesting finding was that ......
Another important finding was that .....
The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any significant increase in ......
In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ......
In this study, Xs were found to cause .....
X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ......
It should be noted that in all seven cases of this study, ......
7.结论：概括内容
This paper has demonstrated the widespread use of X ......
This article has argued that X is the best instrument to ......
This paper has explained the central importance of X in Y.
This study has investigated ......
8. 结论：重申研究目的
This study aims to determine ......
The present study was designed to determine the effect of .......
In this investigation, the aim was to assess ......
The purpose of the current study was to determine ......
This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate .....
In terms of the proposed hypothesis/question, the study results allow us to state that .....
9. 参考文献：相关文献概览
A large amount of literature has been focused on X. These studies ......
There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ......
The first serious discussion and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......
The generalisability of previous research on this issue is problematic.
The current knowledge of X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ......
During the past 30 years, an increasing number of...... has become available on ......
In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .......
A large and growing body of literature has investigated ......
10. 参考文献：以往研究或学术活动相关文献
Many scholars have argued that ......
Numerous studies have attempted to explain .....
Recent evidence suggests that .......
Recently, in vitro studies have shown that X can ......
Surveys such as that conducted by X have shown that ......
Several attempts have been made to .......
Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ......
Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an ........ account, whilst Jones .....
Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ......
Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity.
Previous studies have reported ......
Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory
A number of studies have found that ......
X have examined the relationship between .......
At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between......
Other studies have considered the relationship ......
The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated.
The causes of X have been widely investigated......
The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and .......
Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of ......
X has also been shown to ......
It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y.
It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z.
It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ......
11. 文章重点：当前理论存在的问题、局限性
However, one question that needs to be asked is whether ......
However, a serious weakness with this argument is that ......
More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about .....
One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...
One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ......
The key problem with this explanation is that ......
The existing findings fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.
However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.
The argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ......
It seems that X' understanding of the framework is questionable. Y's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ......
One major criticism of X's work is that .....
Many authors have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that .......
X's analysis does not consider ..... nor examine ......
12. 文章重点：研究方法存在的问题、局限性
Another problem with this approach is that it fails to incorporate X.
The most serious disadvantage of this method is that .....
However, difficulties arise in an attempt to implement the policy.
Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics.
One major drawback of this approach is that ......
However, the main limitation of X is ......
However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations.
However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations.
However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken.
However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that......
However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ......
13. 描述实验方法：强调一个特殊的方法
Publications were only included if .......
X was prepared according to the procedure used by ......
The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of ......
X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ......
This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by ......
In this study, the X was used to explore the subsurface ......
An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using .....
14. 描述实验方法：描述样品的特性
The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews.
All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis.
A systematic literature review was conducted on studies that .....
A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from .......
Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study.
The students were divided into two groups based on their performance on ......
Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ......
Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received ....
Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of ....
Semi structured interviews were conducted with ...... with a mean age of 38 years
15. 描述实验过程：目的不明确
In order to identify the processes, the subjects were asked to ......
In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed.
To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ......
To see whether the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ......
To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person.
To determine whether ......, ...... were incubated for ......
To establish whether ......,
To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between .......
To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used.
The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation.
In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ......
16. 描述实验过程：其他描绘实验过程的句型
To measure height , subjects were asked to stand .....
For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ......
To estimate protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ......
17. 研究问题/假设
The core question in this study asks how ......
In particular, this article will examine six main research questions:
The hypothesis that will be tested is that ......
The key research question of this study was whether or not ......
This study aimed to address the following research questions:
Another question is whether ......
18. 介绍方法、数据的来源
This study follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ......
This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.
The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of the qualitative, semi- structured interview methodology.
By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ......
This work takes the form of a case-study of the ......
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.
Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data.
A holistc approach is utilised, integrating literary, numanistic and archeological material to establish ......
The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: .....
The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via .......
Five aspects will be examined, all of which .....
19. 概况研究框架
The overall structure of the study consists of six sections, including this introduction section.
Section Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ......
The third section is concerned with the methodology used for this study.
The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis.
Section 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ......
The final section draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ......
Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings,
......and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area.
...... Finally, areas for further research are identified.
20. 解释关键术语
While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this study will use the definition first suggested by ...
Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to .......
In this study, the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used.
According to ...... , X can be defined as follows; " X is one of ...... "
The term X is a relatively new name for ...... commonly referred to as ....
21. 验证一项研究的弱点
The main weakness of the study is the failure to address how .......
The study fails to consider the differing categories of damage that .....
The research does not consider pre-existing ...... such as ......
The author offers no explanation for the distinction between X and Y.
They make no attempt to differentiate between various different types of X.
They fail to fully acknowledge the significance of ......
The paper would appear to be over ambitious in its claims.
The author overlooks the fact that X contributes to Y.
They fail to draw a distinction between ......
Another weakness is that no explanantion is given on how ......
No attempt was made to quantify the association between X and Y.
22. 提供有建设性的意见
A better study would examine a large, randomly selected sample of societies with ......
A much more systematic study would identify how X interacts with other variables that are believed to be linked to ......
23. 介绍先前研究的结论
However, X points out that .....
Many analysts now argue that the strategy of X has not been successful. Y, for example, argues that .....
Non-government agencies are also very critical of the new policies.
The X theory has been vigorously/strongly challenged in recent years by a number of authors.
Smith's analysis has been criticised by a number of authors. X (2022), for example, points out that ......
X's meta-analysis has been subjected to considerable criticism.
X failed to note that ......
X (2022) is probably the best known critic of the X theory. He argues that .....
The latter point has been devastatingly critiqued by X (2022).
Critics have also argued that not only do social surveys provide an inaccurate measure of X, but the......
Critics question the ability of poststructuralist theory to provide ......
More recent arguments against X have been summarised by Y (1982):
X (2022) is critical of the conclusions that Y draws from his findings.
结语
句型较多，仍需要灵活运用，无需生搬硬套；不同句型间，亦可进行重组为新的句子。阅读文献时，亦可时常积累地道英文表达并加以练习使用。
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