“Argue”“Indicate”“Demonstrate”的区分
很多作者在写论文的时候,把indicate和demonstrate作为argue的同义词替换,这是有问题的,他们不是完全等价的。
当涉及到之前的研究中的观点,使用argue
而indicate和demonstrate通常用来描述事实或者已经被证明无可争议
argue还可以用来避免听起来对结果犹豫不定。比如“may indicate”“may suggest”“may demonstrate”都可以被argue加强
原始:The results may indicate that climatic change caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
修改:We argue that climatic change caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
避免以“It”和“There”开始句子
不要在每句话开头都用“It”和“There”。在科技论文的写作中,最好是把主语放在开头的位置,而不是放在“it”形成的从句中间,这样能使得文章更易读。避免使用这种以“It”和“There”开始的句子,比如
(1)It is known that ... (2)It is considered that ... (3)It demonstrates that ... (4)It could be said that ... (5)It follows that ...
原始:It is possible that participants between the ages of 18 and 19 responded differently than those between the ages of 20 and 21.
修改:Participants between the ages of 18 and 19 may have responded differently than participants between the ages of 20 and 21.
原始:There is a need for implementation of the policy on a large scale by the president of the association.
修改:The association president must implement the policy on a larger scale.
原始:It could happen that a decision to modify the model is made by the researcher.
修改:The research may decide to modify the model.
原始:There is a necessity for a semi-structured approach to be chosen.
修改:A semi-structured approach must be chosen.
原始:It was vital that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.
修改:Quantitative measures must usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.
原始:It is necessary that the best method to adopt for this investigation is determined by the committee.
修改:The committee must decide the best method to adopt for this investigation.
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