万维提示：
1、投稿方式：在线投稿。
2、期刊网址：
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/bbl/current
3、投稿网址：https://www.editorialmanager.com/biolbull
4、官网邮箱：biological_bulletin@uchicago.edu
5、官网电话：773-702-2945
6、期刊刊期：双月刊，逢双月出版。
2021年4月18日星期日
投稿须知【官网信息】
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
The Biological Bulletin seeks to disseminate novel scientific results in broadly related fields of biology in keeping with more than 100 years of a tradition of excellence. The Biological Bulletin publishes outstanding original research of general interest to biologists throughout the world, with an overarching goal of explaining how organisms develop, function, and evolve in their natural environments. To that end, the journal publishes papers in the fields of Neurobiology and Behavior, Physiology and Biomechanics, Ecology and Evolution, Development and Reproduction, Cell Biology, Symbiosis and Systematics. The Biological Bulletin continues to emphasize basic research on marine model systems but welcomes submissions of an interdisciplinary nature and those on non-marine topics that fit our fundamental aims.
Articles accepted by The Biological Bulletin must be original and must not be under consideration elsewhere. Successful manuscripts typically have one or more of the following characteristics: (1) they are hypothesis-driven, (2) they incorporate experimental results with fully explained methodologies and appropriate statistics, (3) their results lead to one or more testable hypotheses, or (4) if the data are pattern-based, the ultimate goal is to infer processes from the patterns. Purely descriptive manuscripts, even if they use sophisticated technologies, are more appropriate for other venues.
The Biological Bulletin publishes the following types of articles: Regular Articles, Rapid Communications, Position Papers, solicited Review Articles, Symposium and Workshop Proceedings, and Virtual Symposium Articles. Regular Articles are of intermediate length (10–40 manuscript pages). Shorter Rapid Communications (fewer than 10 manuscript pages, including tables, figures, and bibliography) are significant, topical, deserving of immediate publication, but are complete, not preliminary reports. Position papers require pre-approval in the form of a short proposal to be sent to any editor before submission, and they should use a combination of original data and evidence from the literature to stake out a novel and provocative scientific position or to propose a novel course of research. Virtual Symposium Articles are generally solicited in collaboration with one of the editors. All papers are published only after formal review and are published online before the printed issue is available.
The Biological Bulletin
Chicago University Press
1427 E. 60th Street
Chicago, Ill. 60637
Tel: 773-702-2945
E-mail: biological_bulletin(at)uchicago.edu
The instructions presented below contain the following headings:
Submission
Manuscript Organization, Format, and Style
References
Tables
Figures
Digital Art
Rapid Communications
Position Papers
Reprints, Page Proofs, and Charges
Cover Illustrations
Video Supplements
National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy
Copyright
Permissions
Open Access Policy
Submission
Manuscripts should be submitted online by going to https://www.editorialmanager.com/biolbull. For questions, please contact us at biological_bulletin(at)uchicago.edu.
First-time users will be asked to register and will receive a password. Manuscripts can then be submitted by following the step-by-step instructions. After all text, figures, and attachments have been uploaded, the system will prepare a pdf for author approval. Users must have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed to view the document files.
After authors have approved the pdf, the journal office will receive and document the submission, beginning the review process. Authors may, at any time, track the progress of their manuscripts.
Manuscript Organization, Format, and Style
Manuscripts must conform to the requirements set out below; nonconforming manuscripts will be returned to authors for correction before review. Editors reserve the right to edit the accepted manuscript and make final decisions about matters of style.
Use a font size no smaller than 12 points.
Double-space all parts of the manuscript (including title page, figure legends, tables, literature cited, etc.)
Do not right-justify the text.
Add line and page numbers.
Set margins to at least one inch on all sides and set paper size to U.S. letter.
Turn off "track changes" in your Word file and accept all changes in the document.
Manuscripts should conform to the 8th edition (2014) of the style manual of THE COUNCIL OF SCIENCE EDITORS (Scientific Style and Format, University of Chicago Press), with the exception of number format (see section on Text for specific guidelines).
Divide manuscripts into the following components: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments, Literature Cited, Tables, and Figure Legends.
When appropriate, Data Accessibility and Ethical Care statements should follow the Acknowledgments.
Title Page
Double space all elements of the title page.
Include the following information, in the order listed:
- a condensed title or running head of no more than 35 letters and spaces;
- the manuscript title;
- the names of all authors;
- the addresses of all authors (affiliations should be the institutions at which the work was done);
- the e-mail address of the corresponding author;
- footnotes listing present addresses of authors, if different than those in the address line;
- a list defining any unusual abbreviations used in the text;
- a list of key words and phrases describing the contents of the manuscript.
Abstract
Do not exceed about 250 words.
Do not cite any references and avoid abbreviations.
Include the major findings and conclusions.
Text
Verb voice and person: The journal encourages authors to write in the active voice and, where appropriate, the first person.
Subheadings: Do not use more than two levels of subhead under a main heading such as Results or Discussion.
Spelling: Use American spelling.
Units of measure: Use units belonging to the SI (Système International d’Unités, or International System of Units) or approved for use with the SI. Note that the SI symbol for seconds is s (not sec), and for hour is h (not hr).
Numbers: In general, spell out numbers under 10, except those used with units of measurement such as time, length, weight, volume, etc.
Statistics: In most cases, use a lowercase italic letter n to represent sample size, and an uppercase italic letter P for probability. When giving values that include a measure of uncertainty (e.g., 27 ± 2) specify whether the value after the plus or minus symbol is the standard deviation or the standard error.
Symbols: At first use, identify Greek letters and unusual symbols: either write the names of the symbol in the margin or, if the paper uses several different ones, type a separate list and include it with the manuscript.
Footnotes: Refrain from using footnotes in the body of the text.
Scientific names: For studies dealing with specific species, give the complete scientific name with taxonomic authority (author and date) either at the first mention in the text (not the abstract) or in the Materials and Methods. Note that when a species is referred to by its binomial (in full or abbreviated), it is singular in form (e.g., “H. americanus was . . .” not “H. americanus were . . .”).
Gene names: Italicize the names of genes but NOT the protein product of a gene.
Sequences: Provide numbers for nucleotide or amino acid sequences; they must have been deposited in a standard database such as GenBank before a paper can be published.
Acknowledgments
A short section of acknowledgments may follow the Discussion. Credit all funding sources and list contribution numbers, if any.
Ethical Care considerations
If relevant, a description should follow the Acknowledgments explaining how organisms were collected, cared for, and treated, in compliance with applicable law.
Data accessibility
Identify the sites where data was deposited. Authors are expected to deposit primary data to a publicly accessible repository and are encouraged to place analyzed data, as appropriate, to such repositories.
References
All references cited in the text must be in the list of references, and all works included in the list of references must be cited in the text. Be sure to verify this when submitting a revised manuscript as well as in the original submission.
In text
In the text, cite literature by the name and date system (e.g., Smith and Jones, 2000), with papers by more than two authors cited as Jones et al.
Cite material in preparation or submitted to a journal only in the text; do not include it in the Literature Cited unless the material has been formally accepted and a volume number can be supplied.
For personal communications, include the first initial, last name, and institutional affiliation of the source.
Literature cited
Give the list of references following the text the title Literature Cited, begin it on a new page, and use double spacing.
Journal abbreviations: Follow BIOSIS Serial Sources, except that a few well-known international journals should appear in their preferred forms rather than as listed in BIOSIS (e.g., Nature,Science, and Biol. Bull., not Nature (Lond.), Science (Wash. DC), and Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole.).
- Italicize journal abbreviations and book titles.
- Follow abbreviated components by a period; do not put a period after whole-word components (e.g., J.Cancer Res.).
- Space between all components (e.g.,J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., not J.Cell.Comp.Physiol.).
- Spell out unusual words in journal titles in full, rather than inventing new abbreviations. For example, use Rit Visindafjelags Islendinga without abbreviation.
- Spell single-word journal titles out in full, without a period (e.g., Ecology, Brain).
Reference format: For punctuation and style, consult the examples below. For further examples, see a recent copy of the journal (a sample copy can be freely accessed at the journal’s homepage). Provide complete titles and inclusive pagination. If using EndNote, a style is available for The Biological Bulletin.
- Journal article with one author
Byrne, M. 1996. Viviparity and intragonadal cannibalism in the diminutive asterinid sea stars Patiriella vivipara and P. parvivipara. Mar. Biol.125: 551-567.
- Journal article with two authors
Marsh, A. G., and D. T. Manahan. 1999. A method for accurate measurements of the respiration rates of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.184: 1–10.
- Journal article with three authors
Johnsen, S., E. J. Balser, and E. A. Widder. 1999. Light-emitting suckers in an octopus. Nature398: 113–114.
- Electonic sources
Direct links to government websites can be placed within the text. Authors should avoid directing readers to university, company, or individual websites within the text, because these urls can change or disappear. A reference to this type of data should be an in-text citation and an entry in the Literature Cited, with the following general format: Author/editor. Year. Title. [Type of medium]. Producer (optional). Available: url [Access date].
Whitecombe, T. 2000. Why are transition metal compounds good catalysts? [Online]. MadSci Network. Available: http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-07/963237134.Ch.r.html [2010, May 11].
- Book
Hanlon, R. T., and J. B. Messenger. 1996.Cephalopod Behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Part of book
Emlet, R. B., L. R. McEdward, and R. R. Strathmann. 1987. Echinoderm larval ecology viewed from the egg. Pp. 55–136 in Echinoderm Studies, M. J. Jangoux and J. M. Lawrence, eds. Balkema, Rotterdam.
- Dissertation
Carwile, A. H. 1989. Settlement of larvae, colony growth and longevity in three species of ascidians and the effect on the species composition of a marine fouling community. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
- Abstract
Gainey, L. F., Jr., J. Walton, and M. J. Greenberg. 2001. Neuromuscular anatomy of clam gills. Am. Zool.41: 448 (Abstract).
Tables
Create tables using the table feature of your word processing software rather than with tabs or spaces. Do not submit tables in Microsoft Excel.
Type each table, with its title and footnotes, double spaced, on a separate page placed after the Literature Cited.
Number the tables with consecutive arabic numerals and give each one a short, succinct title—a phrase or single sentence.
Type explanatory material in a general note to the table as a whole, or in specific footnotes attached to the appropriate column head or subhead. Explain any empty cells in a footnote.
Figures
Design figures to fit into either one column (3.3 in, or 8.4 cm) or the width of the page (6.7 in, or 16.9 cm). Ensure that all lines and labels are large enough to be legible at final publication size. Editors reserve the right to make final decisions about the reproduction size of figures.
Submit figures as print-ready, not requiring additional combination of parts, labeling, etc.
If size is relevant, use scale bars on the figure, not a statement of magnification in the legend.
In graphs, label all axes; if more than one vertical axis is labeled, orient all labels to be read in the same direction.
In bar graphs, avoid use of wide bars and three-dimensional effects; make sure that shading or patterns can be distinguished from one another.
Number figures consecutively, in the order in which they are cited in the text (all figures must be cited).
Do not put titles on figures; these should be part of the legend.
Compose figure legends with enough information to make the figure intelligible without reference to the text. If the figure has more than one part, begin the legend with a concise, overall description of the content.
Type all the legends together, double spaced, with consecutive arabic numbers, on a page at the end of the paper.
Digital Art
Authors who create digital images are wholly responsible for the quality of their material, including color and halftone accuracy.
Digital art must conform to the guidelines that follow:
Format: Recommended graphic formats are TIFF and EPS. PDF formats may also be acceptable if of high quality. However, font issues and conversion problems are concerns with these formats: only standard fonts (Arial, Helvetica, Times, and Symbol) should be used and fonts must be embedded. JPEG format is not recommended but may be used if quality is good. Figures can be rejected with any format if quality does not meet standards. Color submissions must be saved in CMYK mode. Place each figure in a separate file.
Resolution: The minimum requirements for resolution are 1200 DPI for line art, 300 for halftones, and 600 for halftones that incorporate text labels.
Multipanel figures: Assemble a figure consisting of individual parts (e.g., panels A, B, C) into its final format and submit it as a single file.
Color
The Biological Bulletin publishes color figures and plates, but must bill authors for the actual additional cost of printing in color. Consult the editorial office for current costs.
Authors are encouraged to consider color-blind readers when composing color figures.
Rapid Communications
These brief papers are reviewed for their novelty, immediacy, significance, and completeness; they are not meant to be preliminary reports.
Restrict the length of the text to 10 typed pages (including tables, figures, and list of references) and the number of references to no more than 30.
Begin with a summary paragraph of 150 to 200 words comprising an introduction, the news, and conclusions.
Continue the rest of the text without subheadings.
In the text, cite references by number (in parentheses, not as superscripts); in the Literature Cited section, list them in order of their appearance in the text. In other respects, follow the instructions for references in regular papers, as described above.
To the extent possible, incorporate the experimental methods into the appropriate figure legends.
Position Papers
Position papers use a combination of original data and evidence from the relevant literature to (1) stake out a novel and provocative scientific position that would have significant implications for a field within the focus of the Journal, or (2) lay out a proposed novel course of research that might serve as a coherent theme for a consortium of research groups and laboratories.
Topics require pre-approval before submitting a manuscript. Send a short proposal containing an outline of the work to any Associate Editor of the Bulletin.
Each section of the paper should form an integral part of a coherent scientific "brief" bolstered by a combination of original scientific evidence and literature results. A crucial criterion for publication is the extent to which the hypotheses put forward are testable.
Follow the instructions for general manuscript preparation, including reference format, with the following exceptions:
Restrict the length to about 20 typewritten, double-spaced pages (about 5000 to 6000 words), not including references.
Begin with a summary paragraph.
Divide the text into the following components: Title page, Summary, Background and Significance, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion and Rationale.
Reprints, Page Proofs, and Charges
Authors may purchase reprints; instructions for placing reprint orders are sent with page proofs. Authors will receive edited page proofs shortly after acceptance. Corrected and approved articles are published quickly online ahead-of-print before being published in a print issue.
Cover Illustrations
Authors may submit an image to be considered for the cover of the issue in which their paper will be published. Images should be in color and not previously used in the manuscript. They should be submitted as JPEG or TIFF files, resolution at 300 dpi. Authors will be contacted if their submission is selected.
Video and Data Supplements
Authors wishing to submit video supplements to The Biological Bulletin should provide the editors with video clips saved in Quicktime, AVI, or MPEG. Large data and video files can be submitted online with the manuscript.
National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy
The University of Chicago grants NIH-funded authors permission to post the final revised version of their manuscript in PMC no sooner than 12 months after the manuscript has been published in The Biological Bulletin.
When posting manuscripts in PMC, authors must give full acknowledgment to The Biological Bulletin as the official source of the article and provide a link to the original article on the University of Chicago Press website. We suggest that the following acknowledgment be used:
This is an author-produced electronic version of an article published in The Biological Bulletin [year of publication, volume, page numbers]. © The University of Chicago. The official version is available at [full article-level URL].
Copyright
When a manuscript is accepted, the author will be sent a copyright assignment form for signature. In consideration of publication of the article, the authors grant and assign to the publisher all rights to the work in all media, including all elements contained therein (e.g., tables, figures, supplementary data, cover art). These rights include those protected by the copyright laws of the United States or other countries.
Permissions
Reuse of copyrighted material from another source
The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining written permission to reproduce or modify figures and tables from previous publications. The signed permissions must be filed with the editorial office before the manuscript can be published by The Biological Bulletin.
Reuse of an author’s own material published in The Biological Bulletin
Authors may reuse—with proper acknowledgments—minor portions of, and excerpts from, their own work published in The Biological Bulletin (e.g., a figure or table) without obtaining further permission from the publisher. If the author wishes to reproduce the entire work as part of a thesis or similar project, he or she must obtain written permission from the publisher. Such permission will be granted readily and free of charge, on condition of proper acknowledgments. Requests may be addressed to journalpermissions@press.uchicago.edu.
Open Access Policy
Green open access. Authors have the ability, at no cost, to self-archive their own work and make it freely available through official, non-commercial institutional or disciplinary repositories. Authors may deposit either the published PDF of their article or the final accepted version of the manuscript after peer review (but not proofs of the article) no sooner than twelve (12) months after publication of the article in the journal. If a shorter embargo period is required by government or funding body mandate, please notify the editorial office at the time you submit your manuscript.
Gold open access. Authors can request that their article, if accepted, be made freely available online immediately upon publication (gold open access). The fee is $2,500. This request must be made at the time of first submission, not later. The request is not automatically granted; the decision will be given at the time a manuscript is accepted. The gold OA option is provided primarily for authors with research funding from an organization that absolutely mandates gold OA as a condition of publication, and if that is the case then it is expected that the funder and the grant would be noted in the acknowledgments of the manuscript, in the conventional manner. Gold OA can also be requested by authors who do not have such a mandate from a funder, in which case the request is granted at the discretion of the publisher. Contact the editorial office at the time you submit your manuscript.
Articles published as gold OA are made available under a CC BY-NC license, which allows for their non-commercial reuse. If a CC BY or other license is required by your funding body (as, for example, the UKRI, formerly RCUK), please notify the editorial office at the time you submit your manuscript. Articles published under a CC BY license are subject to an additional fee.
