众所周知，写作一篇高质量的SCI论文，写好讨论部分尤为重要，因为讨论部分是文章的核心，也是审稿人和读者重点关注的地方。在SCI论文的讨论部分，通常需要将所得结论或研究结果从理论上进一步认真分析，并通过科学的推论和评价来证实所得结果的可靠性，阐明具有科学性、先进性的论据，从而取得大家的公认。然而对于很多写作者来说，一到讨论部分就觉得没什么可写，或者很容易重复结果的部分，要么就是写出了讨论但是却很浅显单薄缺乏厚度。
那么今天我们就来为大家介绍一下SCI讨论部分的写作中常见的误区是什么，如何才能写好讨论部分，以及常用的句型模板有哪些。
Discussion写作常见误区
SCI论文写作中，背景介绍、材料和方法、结果汇报这几个部分相对来说比较容易写作，主要是陈述事实和呈现数据。而文章的最后部分——“讨论”，是体现作者主观思想的重要段落，写作上容易出现很多误区，最常见的就是：很多作者把讨论写得像综述，大量的引用其他研究报告的原始语句，简单的拼接堆积在一起，导致文稿显得非常生硬，甚至在plagiarism检测筛查中不能通过。
讨论部分不容易写的原因主要有三点：
一是因为中国作者使用英文进行写作有一定难度，表述总结的能力不够；
二是很多研究人员是从撰写综述开始接触和入门科学写作的，还保留有写综述的习惯；
还有一方面是作者对研究的设计、方法以及结果的分析思考不够深入，言之无物。
Discussion写作方法技巧
讨论部分写得好坏，除与作者本身的知识水平、思维方法、逻辑推理能力有关外，还包含着一定的方法和技巧。
通常我们在撰写讨论部分时，主要阐述的内容包括以下几个方面：实验分析、解释结果、阐述观点、提出疑问、说明意义，这就是讨论部分的经典结构——倒漏斗型 (reverse funnel)结构。
实验分析
针对实验结果，提出结果的基本原则、事实关系、准确的概括。需要特别注意的是，在一个合格的讨论中，作者需要做的是讨论及论述论文的主要观点，但不要重述结果。
解释结果
尽可能清楚地提供研究结果和/或最终结果的有效性、可验证等指标；对每一个决定性的实验结果（证据）都要加以证实的阐述。让实验结果可以作为论据支持论文的论点。
阐述观点
作者要给出对论文结果的判断、评价、分析，并展示你的结果和解释与以前出版的文献结果进行比较，是否一致（或相反）。
提出疑问
针对实验结果，指出其任何异常或缺乏相关性、未解决的疑问点或值得怀疑的地方，及实验的限制以及注意点。如果有必要，失败的实验也可以拿出来讨论。
说明意义
指出论文所得出的结论含义，对其进行评价。
由于英文科技论文中Discussion的写作十分重要，又比较复杂，有很多教授对专门针对这一部分的写作进行了研究，例如英国基尔大学心理学系退休教授詹姆斯·哈特利曾在2008年提出了Discussion结构化写作五步法。
1.简要概述该研究的主要结果和发现
2.对研究结果进行全面的比较和分析，解释结果产生的机理
3.说明本研究的优缺点，对比分析同类研究中的优势和不足
4.阐述研究结果的科学价值和意义
5.指出本研究还遗留的问题以及未来的发展方向
Discussion写作万能句型
Background information: reference to literature or to research aim/question
Several reports have shown that …
As mentioned in the literature review, …
The third question in this research was …
Prior studies that have noted the importance of …
An initial objective of the project was to identify …
The first question in this study sought to determine …
It was hypothesised that participants with a history of …
Very little was found in the literature on the question of …
The present study was designed to determine the effect of …
With respect to the first research question, it was found that …
This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in …
Previous studies evaluating X observed inconsistent results on whether …
A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.
In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y.
Statements of result: usually with reference to results section
One interesting finding is …
The current study found that …
Another important finding was that …
The most interesting finding was that …
In this study, Xs were found to cause …
The results of this study show/indicate that …
On the question of X, this study found that …
This experiment did not detect any evidence for …
The most important clinically relevant finding was …
X provided the largest set of significant clusters of …
It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study …
The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that …
In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of …
The results of this study did not show that …/did not show any significant increase in …
Unexpected outcome
Surprisingly, X was found to ….
What is surprising is that ….
One unanticipated finding was that ….
Surprisingly, no differences were found in ….
This finding was unexpected and suggests that ….
It is somewhat surprising that no X was noted in this condition ….
Contrary to expectations, this study did not find a significant difference between ….
However, the observed difference between X and Y in this study was not significant.
However, the ANOVA (one way) showed that these results were not statistically significant.
Reference to previous research: contrast
However, this result has not previously been described.
In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of X was detected.
Smith et al. (1999) showed that …. This differs from the findings presented here …
However, the findings of the current study do not support the previous research.
It has been suggested that … (Smith et al., 2002). This does not appear to be the case.
These results differ from X’s 2003 estimate of Y, but they are broadly consistent with earlier …
Although, these results differ from some published studies (Smith, 1992; Jones, 1996), they are consistent with those of …
Explanations for results
A possible explanation for this might be that …
Another possible explanation for this is that …
This result may be explained by the fact that …
There are, however, other possible explanations.
These relationships may partly be explained by …
There are several possible explanations for this result.
A possible explanation for these results may be the lack of adequate …
These differences can be explained in part by the proximity of X and Y.
These factors may explain the relatively good correlation between X and Y.
This inconsistency may be due to …
These results are likely to be related to …
This discrepancy could be attributed to …
It seems possible that these results are due to …
This rather contradictory result may be due to …
The observed increase in X could be attributed to …
It is difficult to explain this result, but it might be related to …
The possible interference of X cannot be ruled out.
It may be that these participants benefitted from …
Differences between X and Y may have influenced …
These possible sources of error could have affected …
There are two likely causes for the differences between …
The reason for this is not clear but it may have something to do with …
The observed correlation between X and Y might be explained in this way: …
Since this difference has not been found elsewhere it is probably not due to …
Advising cautious interpretation
Another source of uncertainty is …
A note of caution is due here since …
These findings may be somewhat limited by …
These findings cannot be extrapolated to all patients.
These data must be interpreted with caution because …
It could be argued that the positive results were due to …
These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution.
In observational studies, there is a potential for bias from …
It is important to bear in mind the possible bias in these responses.
Although exclusion of X did not …, these results should be interpreted with caution.
However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be …
Suggesting general hypotheses
It is possible, therefore, that …
It can thus be suggested that …
In general, therefore, it seems that …
It may be the case therefore that these variations …
It is therefore likely that such connections exist between …
It is possible to hypothesise that these conditions are less likely to occur in …
These findings suggest that …
According to these data, we can infer that …
This observation may support the hypothesis that …
Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesised that …
The value of X suggests that a weak link may exist between …
These results provide further support for the hypothesis that …
Therefore, X could be a major factor, if not the only one, causing …
Noting implications
It can therefore be assumed that the …
An implication of this is the possibility that …
The present study raises the possibility that …
One of the issues that emerges from these findings is …
Some of the issues emerging from this finding relate specifically to …
These findings may help us to understand …
This finding, while preliminary, suggests that .…
This finding has important implications for developing …
This observational study suggests that a diet rich in X may help prevent …
These findings raise intriguing questions regarding the nature and extent of …
This combination of findings provides some support for the conceptual premise that …
Commenting on findings
These findings are rather disappointing.
However, these results were not very encouraging.
The test was successful as it was able to identify students who …
The present results are significant in at least two major respects.
The results of this study do not explain the occurrence of these adverse events.
These findings will doubtless be much scrutinised, but there are some immediately dependable conclusions for …
Suggestions for future work
This is an important issue for future research.
Research questions that could be asked include …
There are still many unanswered questions about …
Several questions remain unanswered at present.
Despite these promising results, questions remain.
Further work is required to establish the viability of…
Further research should be undertaken to investigate the …
There is abundant room for further progress in determining …
A further study with more focus on X is therefore suggested.
Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.
In further research, the use of this data as X could be a means of …
To develop a full picture of X additional studies will be needed that …
In future investigations, it might be possible to use a different X in which …
Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken.
However, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken before the association between X and Y is more clearly understood
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