一、英文题名、作者姓名、单位
1. 英文题名
第一个词的第一个字母大写，其余一律小写，但专用名词和缩写词应该大写的字母仍然要大写。
2. 作者姓名
列出全部作者姓名，姓氏全部大写，名字首字母大写。
例：
LI Lei (李雷)
HAN Meimei (韩梅梅)
LYU Xiaoming (吕小明)
ZHUGE Hua (诸葛华)
3. 单位
列出第一作者的工作单位名称，要按照单位正式对外名称写。按医院或研究所、大学的顺序写，中间以逗号隔开，后面写城市和邮政编码，最后写“China”。
例：
Effect of cholesterol on proliferation, invasion, and migration of human colon cancer cells
CHEN Xin, WU Long, ZHANG Yiqiao, CHEN Neng, XU Ximing
(Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China)
二、Abstract结构要求
英文摘要采用结构式摘要，包括目的(Objective)、方法(Methods)、结果(Results)、结论 (Conclusion)四部分。
三、Abstract时态及语态要求
Objective既可使用动词不定式短语，也可用完整句。
Methods和Results 用一般过去时，倾向使用第一人称和主动语态(被动语态也可)。
Conclusion 多用一般现在时。
四、Abstract中常见问题
1.单词拼写错误。
2.语法错误。如：主谓语单复数不一致，词性、时态选择有误，状语位置不合适。
3.字母大小写不规范。如：使用非公认的缩略语，普通药名用大写字母等。
4.数字和数词表达不当。如：句首用阿拉伯数字，序数词的应用和表达不规范等。
5.与“中文摘要”对应翻译不到位，句子不完整及其缺失基本句型。
6.出现口语中常用的缩略语，如isn’t，can’t，couldn’t，haven’t等。口语性词汇不宜在学术期刊中使用，规范写法应为 is not，can not，could not，have not。
五、Abstract中标点符号的使用方法
1.Abstract中标点符号应全部使用英文半角字符。
2.句号为句点“.”，省略号为连续排列的3个句点“...”。
3.英文中没有顿号“、”和书名号“《》”。
4.英文中有单撇号“ ’ ”。
5.并列的3个或3个以上的数字、单词、短语或从句之间需要使用逗号“,”分隔，例如: proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion...。
6.数字与字母间，数字和单位间必须空一格（半字空），例如：25 mg，16 IU，1.05 mmol。
7.标点符号后都要空一格，括号前必须用空格。
六、英文文题常用词组和句型
Effects of... on...
Expression of... gene in patients with ...
Efficacy of...
Construction of...and its...
Isolation, identification, and screening of...
Relationship between...and...
Comparison of...with...
七、Objective中常用词和例句
【常用词】
Investigate, evaluate, compare, analyze, observe, detect, explore
【常用例句】
1. To investigate the expression of IL-33 in gastriccarcinoma tissues and its significance
2. To investigate the effects of miR-24 on the cell proliferation, metastasis, and autophagy of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
3. To evaluate the effects of changes of the knee jointline position on the clinical function of knee after revisiontotal knee arthroplasty (R-TKA)
4. To explore the influence and mechanism of long non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 on proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells HT-29
5. To screen out differentially expressed microRNAs between T2DM patients with and without coronary heart disease
八、Methods中常用词和例句
【常用词】
be randomly divided into
be assigned to
be selected/included
be cultured (co-cultured)
be administered
be isolated
be analyzed
be subjected to
be found
be carried out
apply, select, measure, monitor, record, detect, observe, test, study, compare, calculate, identify, differentiate, separate, give, receive, transfect, inject, use, utilize, perform,
showed that demonstrated that
to produce to result in
to lead to to establish
to construct to develop
【常用例句】
1. Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: groups A, B, C, and D…
2. Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: the control group, high-dose group, medium-dose group, and low-dose group.
3. The clinical data of 78 patients with … were retrospectively analyzed.
4. The expression of… and… was detected by Western blotting/immunohistochemistry.
5. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia induction (T1), at 30 minduring CPB (T2), at the end of surgery (T3), and 24 h aftersurgery (T4).
6. Twenty-six patients were followed up for 6-46 (mean 10.68) months.
7. After 15-17 days of culture, the cells were counted.
8. PCR was applied to detect the genomic DNA segment.
9. The tumor markers were re-examined after 3-month treatment with the test drug.
10. The vaccine wasstored at -20℃ for 5 years.
11. Intravenous antibiotics were administered to all the patients with penetrating wounds for 7 to 14 days.
12. The proper dilutions of the vaccine strain were inoculated onto well grown monolayer of MDCK cells.
九、Results中常用词和例句
【常用词】
Improve, alleviate, recover, increase, accelerate, enhance, decrease, reduce, decline, diminish, attenuate, lower (down), obtain, find, gain...
be positively (negatively) correlated with...
be four times the size of..., be three times as high/large as...
【常用例句】
1.The frequencies of G allele and GG genotype of rs6667 were 37.8% and 14.1%, respectively, in the CP group, versus 29.8% and 7.5% in the control group (both P<0.05).
2.The experimental group had a significantly smaller number of transmembrane cells than the empty vector group and control group (15.4±2.7 vs 24.3±23.1 and 29.7±19.4, both P<0.01).
3.Two of the latest isolates had the closest molecular relation with the standard strain.
4.The PIC value was (found) positively correlated with the number of the variants compared.
5.The wave length is inversely proportional to frequency and directly proportional to velocity.
6.The nucleus to cytoplasm ratio increased significantly.
7.There was no significant difference in the number of copies of viral DNA between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05), but there was significantdifference between the cases with HCMV hepatitis and healthy infants (P<0.01).
8.Antitumor activity of the complex was found to be much higher than that of cisplatin used in clinic.
9. The output increased by 30% while the input decreased by 20%.
10.The symptoms subsided completely in 5 of the 35 rats, partially in 18 and unchanged in 12.
11.According to international criteria, severe injury was found in 5 persons, moderate in 10 and mild in 3.
12.The average brain oxygen saturation of the patients was 72.8%, which was significantly lower than that of healthy persons.
十、Conclusion中常用词和例句
【常用词】
support, prove, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, suggest, recommend, propose,expect
be involved in
be related to
It is concluded that
The results suggest that
【常用例句】
1. The expression of MDR1 increases in RA patients after MTX resistance, and the mechanism of multidrug resistance is related to activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
2. IL-33 may be involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and predict poor prognosis.
3. The detectionof EGFR mutations in plasma can predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKI.
4. The loss expression of FOXC1 may play a role in the process of EMT. Meanwhile, FOXC1 expression may be involved in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer and can be used as an indicator to evaluate prognosis.
5. LncRNASPRY4-IT1 may significantly accelerate proliferation and restrain apoptosis of colorectal cancer cell via promoting the expression of Bax and depressing the expression of Bcl-2.
十一、Abstract中统计学相关的表达方式
1. 指标：parameter(s)
2. ...与...相关：
…be associated with (或related to)…
但统计学上的相关分析得出的“...与...相关”要用“…correlated with…”，并且应在括号内提供相关系数r及其P值。
正相关：bepositively correlated with...
a positive correlation was found between ...and...
负相关：be negatively or inversely correlated with...,
A negative or inverse or reverse correlation was found between...and...
成正比： be directly proportional to
成反比： be inversely proportional to
3. A组xxx水平高于（低于）B组：
(1) Group A had asignificantly higher (lower) xxx level than group B.
(2) Compared with group B, group A had a significantly higher (lower) xxx level.
(3) The xxx level in group A was significantly higher (lower) than that in group B.
(4) The xxx level was significantly higher (lower) in group A than in group B.
(5) Group A had a significantly higher (lower) xxx level as compared with group B.
4. xxx是...的（独立）危险因素:
xxx be a/an (independent) risk factor for...
xxx be risk factors for...
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