前面我们已经学习了SCI各个板块的写作技巧，不知不觉paper的最后一个版块了——Discussion部分。
别着急，paper是写完了，但是，奇奇还没啰嗦完~
投稿修稿了解一下
Discussion一直以来是SCI写作的难点。
首先，需要充足的文献阅读量；
其次，需要对自己的研究结果进行深度的剖析，实现一次主题的升华。
怎样的Discussion算得上一个好的Discussion
Results侧重的是客观描述what，而Discussion则在说明how和why。
讨论的写作属于自由度很大的部分，要记住，所有的讨论内容要围绕文章的主题展开。
常见的讨论内容大致可以分为三类：
A. 讨论对结果的解读，揭示如何从数据得出你的结论；
B. 讨论本文结果和前人结果的异同，呼应因文中的gap，更详细的指出为何你的研究填补了这个gap；
C. 讨论本文结果的前景和可能的缺陷，呼应引言中的第五部分（value or justication）
请记住一点，好的Discussion要和引言相互呼应。结合results部分进行深度和广度的探索，要有逻辑，但是不能太罗嗦。在这个范围内进行深度拓展，也别跑题。
（奇奇帮你回顾一下）
完整的引言一般包含五个部分：
1、general statement（交代研究大背景）
2、specific aspects（前人关于此文论题的具体研究）
3、the gap（冲突：前人研究的不足和需要解决的问题）
4、thesis statement（交代论文的主旨）
5、value or justification（论文的价值或者意义）
如果已经抛在脑后的小可爱们，请回顾我们的旧文《这可能是SCI写作最难的部分了吧》
Discussion结构五步法
2008年，英国基尔大学心理学学院James Hartley教授提出了Discussion结构化写作的五步法。可以按照这个格式进行写作。
Step 1：重述结论和成果。
Step 2：对比此次结果与以前结果，相同点或不同点，同意以前的结果还是有所进步（结合文献）。
Step 3：列出该研究可能存在的局限性。
Step 4：提出局限性可能的解决方案。
Step 5：对于此试验进行条件变更，提出新的问题，并建议进一步研究。 采用了五步法之后，一些基本的问题就能在讨论部分加以解决。
这篇 J CLIN ONCOL（IF：18.428）上文章“Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma”的Discussion就是完全按照上述条理写出来的。
小标题式
列几个小标题可以清晰明了，如果你想讨论的结论比较多，可以尝试这种做法。
首先，首段简短回顾并陈述一下结果。
以“The Hidden Genomic and Transcriptomic Plasticity of Giant Marker Chromosomes in Cancer”这篇文章为例。
In the present study, we unveiled the extremely complex molecular architecture of neocentromeres mitotically stabilizing RGMs in WDLPS and LSC cell lines, describing their structure down to the nucleotide level, and disclosed the occurrence of a burst of chimeric transcripts associated with genomic amplification. Both these findings shed light on the extraordinary genomic and transcriptomic plasticity of RGMs, likely playing a role in cancer evolution.
其次，将你的主要结论分点阐述并加以解释。可涉及的内容包括推导过程、可能的原因、是否有普适性、前人研究成果、该研究的亮点与不足，展望等等。
经典句型了解一下
1、引用前人研究成果
Several reports have shown that...
Consistent with previous studies of ...
As mentioned in the literature review, ...
Prior studies that have noted the importance of ...
Very little was found in the literature on the question of ...
... have been reported in the literature.
2、重述研究结果
One interesting finding is ...
It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study ...
The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that ...
The results of this study did not show that ...
The results of this study show/indicate that
3、比较结果
(一致)
This study confirms that X is associated with ...
These results further support/corroborates/are in agreement with/are in line with/are in accord with/ are consistent with/ the idea of ...
Comparison of the finding with those of other studies confirms ...
（矛盾）
This study has been unable to demonstrate that ...
However, this result has not previously been described.
This outcome is contrary to that of Smith et al. (2017) who found ...
In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of ... was detected.
4、原因和解释
A possible explanation for this might be that ...
This result may be (partly) explained by the fact that ...
Be due to/attributed to/related to
There are two likely causes for the differences between ...
The reason for this is not clear but it may have something to do with...
This might be explained in this way: ...
5、局限性解说
A note of caution is due here since...
These findings may be somewhat limited by ...
These data must be interpreted with caution because ...
It could be argued that the positive results were due to..
These findings cannot be extrapolated to all patients.
These results therefore need to be interpreted with caution.
6、推论
In general, therefore, it seems that ...
It is possible, therefore, that, ...
According to these data, we can infer that ...
Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesized that ...
This finding has important implications for ...
7、对结果的评价
These findings are rather disappointing.
However, these results were not very encouraging.
The results are significant in at least two major respects.
These findings will doubtless be much scrutinised, but there are some immediately dependable conclusions for...
8、展望
This is an important issue for future research.
Research questions that could be asked include …
There are still many unanswered questions about …
Several questions remain unanswered at present.
Despite these promising results, questions remain.
Further work is required to establish the viability of…
Further research should be undertaken to investigate the …
There is abundant room for further progress in determining …
A further study with more focus on X is therefore suggested.
Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.
Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken.
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