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SCI论文的结构化写作和经典用词整理

2024/2/20 10:10:22  阅读:30 发布者:

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一篇优秀的SCI论文一般由规范而严谨的内容和适当的论文结构和语言表达构成。内容是文章的灵魂,语言结构是论文的骨架。本文系统的讲述医学SCI论文的结构化写作,希望对各位有所启发。

医学学术论文类型有临床研究、基础科学、案例报告、评论和回顾性文章等。其中临床研究又包括,系统评价和Meta分析报告规范、随机对照试验、非随机对照研究、观察性研究和诊断试验等。

一般SCI投稿内容包括:

1.题目要求

文章题目力求简洁明了,用词精炼准确,并突出关键词,亮点词前置。应该以最少数量的单词来充分表述论文内容。例如:miR-192 Mediates TGF-β/Smad3-Driven Renal FibrosisSCI论文题名中可以省略的多余的词:Analysis of, Development of, Evaluation of, Experimental,Investigation of (on), Observations on, On the, Regarding, Report of (on),Research on, Review of, Studies of (on), The preparation of, The synthesis of,The nature of, Treatment of, Use of等。

2.摘要和关键词

论文摘要是文章的敲门砖。理想的摘要应具备:独立成文、表达准确、无专业术语、简明扼要、无引文等特征。且字数一般在100~250字。切忌对方法和结果的罗列、表述含糊的结论、引用文献等错误。论文摘要的质量直接影响编辑的判断和审稿人的印象。

撰写摘要一般遵循四个原则:

1)介绍课题研究背景;

2)指明存在问题,引出本文研究内容;

3)描述研究方法和实验结果;

4)提炼实验结论和意义。

关键词的意义在于,恰当的关键词对于索引非常重要,通过关键词可以非常容易地搜索和判定文章的内容。关键词的选择通常要避免与文章题目内容重复,也要避免不常见的缩写。

3.前言

前言的写作思路一般是论文研究背景、前人的研究工作、存在的问题、本文的贡献。理想“前言”的特征是课题背景交待清楚,研究目的明确,简要点明研究内容和结果。避免发表大幅评论,过多引用论著,在最后一段描述方法、结果或结论以及不恰当的使用novelfor the first time之类的词语。

4.材料与方法

不要按研究结果的顺序来写方法;要按方法学的结构来写,当然也要有逻辑性。

1)先人口学资料/材料,后研究方法/干预方案;

2)先整体后局部(诊断顺序,或先临床表现,后精确指标);

3)先基因后蛋白;

4)要有伦理学:伦理学至上原则;

5)统计学描述:详细,准确;

新方法一定饱满,旧方法一定要简洁,引用文献。比如RT-PCR写成几段,这是不合适的。

5.结果

结果表述中应注意:所有有关的试验或观察指标应以适当的形式表达并高度精练、信息量大的和/或非重要结果可以总结在表中,重要结果或信息量小的结果用图表示、具概括性的结果表述或有统计学意义的结果表述应体现在正文中、在结果部分只需要如实汇报结果或数据即可,无需加入自己的解释,让结果和数据来表达研究结论。

6.讨论

讨论一般是四段论:

1)类似本文的观点研究概况,与前言类似,但更详细,也不可以重复。概况+立题依据

2)文章结果的一些解释,尤其是新的结果,通过解释目的是将文章串起来。这里可以再分为几个小段,它们之前是平行或递进的关系。

3)针对文章的核心新意进行讨论,分析与前人结果的异同(主要讨论关键点)。

4)小结一下结果(结论),或指出哪些需要将来或下一步研究(往往是回避编辑的提问),简洁,不要过头。注意结论是整篇文章的点睛之笔,应避免过度推测,亦不要过分强调研究的影响力。

讨论写作的注意事项

阐明

围绕研究目标及假说合理地阐述研究结果;

本课题研究结果和其他研究之间的关联;

针对研究结果的恰当阐释;

指明研究的局限之处。

避免

实验结果的简单复述;

没有实际数据证明的言过其实的内容;

提出新的结果或术语。

7.经典用词精选

1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people

, persons.

2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising,perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.

3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse,ill 替换 bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。)

4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, amultitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.

5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.

6. harbor the idea that, take the attitudethat, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universallyacknowledged that替换 think

7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.

8. shared 替换 common .

9. reap huge fruits 替换 get manybenefits.

10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in myopinion.

11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more andmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.

12. little if anythinglittle ornothing 替换 hardly.

13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.

14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.

15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely,intensely 替换 very.

16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换unnecessary, avoidable.

17. indispensable 替换 necessary.

18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts atremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.

19. capture one's attention 替换 attractone's attention.

20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.

21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, befearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.

22. give rise to, lead to, result in,trigger 替换 cause.

23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasonsfor sth.

24. desire 替换 want.

25. pour attention into 替换 payattention to.

26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.

27. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意process是过程的意思)。

28. interaction 替换communication.

29. frown on sth 替换 be against, disagree with sth .

30. as an example 替换 forexample, for instance.

31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly /almost impossible.

32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.

33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.

34. 第一(in the firstplace/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point, I should touch on, that…);第三(thelast but not the least.

35. assiduous 替换hard-working.

36. arduous 替换 difficult.

37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义).

38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.

39. invariably 替换 always.

40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.

41. formidable 替换 difficult.

42. quintessential 替换 typical(举例时常用,例如:aquintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance.

43. distinguished 替换 famous.

44. feasible 替换 possible.

45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.

46. 通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Resultsindicate, infer, suggest, imply that……

47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇

Much of the research in sexual selection inthe last two decades has examined how a females preference that does notinfluence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it isgenetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study,可以用些其它的词汇,比如examinework)

Two hypotheses for female preferenceevolutionrunaway sexual selection and good genes selectionstate thatpreferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with maletraits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves arenot under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时,如果不能完全同意,使用state show更加中立些。)

Studies of receiver biases suggest thatsuch analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)

Burley argued that the preference for redbeaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is thentransferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)

According to the anti-monotony hypothesis,habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizationsin songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboringmales and courting females.(根据…)

Previous studies of acoustic andbioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages togroup-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preservingspecies-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)

48.常见的连接词有,However,also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further,although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively,parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results,thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。比如,叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献,最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB furtherdemonstrated that. 再接下来,可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有,可用More recent studies by DD……

来源于:MedSci和免疫细胞研究bioworld

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