听完了十七届全国教师基本功大赛的说课，发现很多老师在说教学方法的时候都会提到Inquiry-Based Learning（探究式学习），于是老师去各个网站搜索了一下，整理了这篇笔记。
一
What Is Inquiry-Based Learning?
以探究为基础的学习主要是一种教学方法，它是在上世纪六十年代发展起来的，是对传统教学形式的一种回应，在传统教学方式下，人们必须记住教学材料中的信息，即直接教学和死记硬背。探究式学习要求学习者积极参与个人或真实的体验，并从中获得教材的含意。杜威、皮亚杰、维高斯基、布鲁纳、加德纳等建构主义学习理论认为：知识是通过学习者的积极参与和发展来建构的。
Inquiry-based learning is a student-centered teaching method that encourages students to ask questions and investigate real-world problems. In this type of learning environment, students are actively engaged in the learning process and are given the opportunity to explore their natural curiosities.
This type of learning is often hands-on and allows students to connect what they learn in the classroom and the real world.Inquiry-based learning has been shown to improve critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and creativity.
从上述这段英文定义中可以看出，Inquiry-based learning与提倡的深度学习不谋而合，深度学习重视学生在学习中的主体地位，强调教学内容要与学生的经验建立关联，通过建构新知识和深度思维，获得真实世界中解决问题的能力。
二
The 4 Types of Inquiry-Based Learning
1. 结构化探究方法（The Structured Inquiry Approach）
结构化探究方法是一个循序渐进的过程，帮助学生学习如何提问和探究现实世界中的问题。这种基于探究的学习通常用于科学课堂，在课堂上给学生一个问题进行调查，并教他们如何利用科学过程找到解决方案。
2. 开放式调查方法 （The Open-Ended Inquiry Approach）
在这种类型的学习环境中，学生可以自由探索自己的兴趣，并就他们正在学习的主题提出问题。这种基于探究的学习通常用于人文学科课堂，要求学生深入探究一个话题，并就不同的观点进行辩论。
3. 基于问题的探究方法 （The Problem-Based Inquiry Approach）
在这种类型的方法中，给学生一个现实世界中的问题去解决，要求学生应用所学知识来解决现实世界中的问题。
4. 引导式探究方法 （The Guided Inquiry Approach）
引导探究法是一种教师主导的探究式学习方法。在这种方法中，老师指导学生完成探究过程，帮助他们提出问题并找到解决现实问题的方法。
三
Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning
1. Encourages critical thinking
Inquiry-based learning encourages students to think critically about the information they are presented with. They are asked to question the information and develop their own solutions. This type of learning helps students develop problem-solving skills and critical-thinking skills.
2. Improves problem-solving skills
Inquiry-based learning helps students develop problem-solving skills. When they are given the opportunity to explore real-world problems, they are forced to think outside the box and come up with their own solutions. This is an important skill that will help them in their future careers.
3. Encourages creativity
This concept of learning encourages creativity. When students are given the opportunity to explore a problem independently, they often come up with creative solutions. This is due to the fact that any particular way of thinking does not restrict them.
4. Improves communication skills
It also helps students improve their communication skills. When working on a problem, they often have to explain their thoughts and ideas to others. This helps them learn how to communicate effectively with others.
5. Connects learning to the real world
Inquiry-based learning helps connect learning to the real world. When students are allowed to explore problems that exist in the real world, they can see how what they are learning in the classroom is relevant. This also helps them develop a better understanding of the material.
6. Helps students understand complex topics
Inquiry-based learning can also help students understand complex topics. When they are allowed to explore these topics in a hands-on environment, they can learn about them more meaningfully.
7. Encourages engaged learning
Finally, this type of learning encourages engaged learning. When students are actively involved in the learning process, they are more likely to retain the information. This is due to the fact that they are invested in what they are doing.
因此，我们可以将Inquiry-based learning用在课堂中，如：逆向设计（课堂初始提出需要解决的真实问题，鼓励引导学生运用本节课所学去解决这个问题）/鼓励学生提出与作者不同的观点，通过探究证明自己的观点/项目式学习等。
四
Strategies and Tips for Implementing Inquiry-Based Learning
1. Start with a Question
The best way to start an inquiry-based lesson is by asking a question. This will get students thinking about the topic and will encourage them to ask their own questions.
2. Allow for Exploration
Once you have asked a question, allow students to explore the topic on their own. This will help them to understand the material better.
3. Encourage Discussion
Encourage students to discuss their ideas with each other. This will help them to develop a better understanding of the material.
4. Provide Resources
Be sure to provide students with resources that they can use to explore the topic. This will help them develop a better understanding.
5. Summarize What Was Learned
At the end of the lesson, be sure to summarize what was learned. This will help students to remember the information.
五
The Inquiry Process
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