论文写作中的模糊限制语（Hedging）

为了增强表达的准确性和严谨性，学术论文中经常需要使用“模糊限制语”（Hedging）。模糊限制语通过表达不确定、可能的含义，来减轻论断或结论的绝对性。使用模糊限制语，能使研究者更准确、客观地陈述研究成果的显著程度和适用范围及表达合理推测，避免绝对、极端或个人化的信息传递，更符合实际地传递信息。

以下介绍一些学术论文中常用的模糊限制语。

1. 表示不确定的动词

tend to

assume

indicate

estimate

seem to

appear to be

doubt

believe

suggest

think

示例：Light smoking seems to have dramatic effects on cardiovascular diseases.

2. 表示不确定的情态动词  

使用表示不确定性的情态动词，而不是更强烈、更确定的情态动词（如 will 或 would）

may

might

can

could

示例：Offering free vitamins to all school age children could save the National Health Service billions of pounds over the next five years.

3. 副词

有许多副词可以用来表达不确定性，这些副词可以分为两类：与某事发生可能性相关的情态副词，以及表示某事发生频率的频率副词。

probably

possibly

seemingly

apparently

arguably

perhaps

maybe

presumably

conceivably

示例：This is possibly because patients in the trial were not randomly selected.

4. 形容词

probable

possible

likely

doubtful

unlikely

uncertain

示例：It is probable that obesity in the elderly increases the risk of stroke.

5. 名词

probability

possibility

likelihood

assumption

tendency

indication

estimate

evidence

trend

claim

示例：This gives an indication that current measures are not enough to tackle childhood health issues such as obesity.

6. 其他词语、句式

- 使用词语或短语来显示频率、程度、数量和时间

sometimes

often

generally

usually

commonly

frequently

occasionally

in general

as a rule

approximately

roughly

about

reasonably

somehow

somewhat

- 使用介绍性短语

It is generally agreed that

In our opinion

In our view

It is our view that

We feel that

We believe that

I believe that

To our knowledge

One would expect that

- 使用if条件句

if true

if anything

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