英国伦敦大学学院（UCL）的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，到了中老年阶段，睡眠不足5小时可能会增加患至少2种慢性疾病的风险。
来源：Pixabay
来源 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
翻译 闭诗林
编辑 魏潇
这项研究发表在《公共科学图书馆·医学》（PLOS Medicine）杂志上，分析了 7000 多名年龄在 50 岁、60 岁和 70 岁的中老年男性和女性的睡眠时间对其健康的影响，数据来源于白厅二期队列研究（Whitehall II cohort study）。
研究人员调查了每个参与者的睡眠时间、死亡率，以及他们是否在 25 年的时间内被诊断出患有 2 种及以上的慢性病(共病症)——如心脏病、癌症或糖尿病。
在 50 岁时报告睡眠时间少于 5 小时的人，25 年内患 1 种慢性病的可能性比睡眠时间达到 7 小时的人高出 20%，患 2 种或 2 种以上慢性病的可能性则要高出 40%。
此外，在 50、60 和 70 岁时睡眠时间少于 5 小时的人，比睡足 7 小时的人患共病症的风险要高 30% ~ 40%。
研究人员还发现，在长达 25 年的随访中，50 岁时睡眠时间不超过 5 小时与死亡风险增加 25% 相关——主要是因为睡眠时间短会增加患慢性病的风险，进而增加了死亡风险。
论文的第一作者 Severine Sabia 博士来自伦敦大学学院流行病学与健康研究所（UCL Institute of Epidemiology）和巴黎城市大学法国国家健康与医学研究院（Inserm, Université Paris Cité），她表示:“老年人的共病症在高收入国家呈上升趋势，超过一半的老年人至少患有 2 种慢性疾病。事实证明，这是公共卫生面临的重大挑战，因为共病症和医疗服务使用率、住院率和残疾率增高有关。”
“随着年龄增加，人们的睡眠习惯和结构会发生变化。但（我们）还是建议睡眠时间为 7~8 小时，因为睡眠时间高于或低于这一水平此前曾被认为与个体的慢性疾病有关。”
“我们的研究结果表明，睡眠时间短也与共病症有关。”
“为保证夜晚有更好的睡眠，养成良好的睡眠卫生健康习惯很重要，例如睡前确保卧室环境安静、黑暗和适宜的温度。此外，还建议在睡前避免接触电子设备和暴饮暴食。白天进行体育活动和日照也可能促进夜晚睡得更好。”
作为研究的一部分，研究人员还评估了长时间睡眠（9 小时或更长时间）是否会影响健康结果。在健康人群中，50 岁时的长时间睡眠与共病症之间无明显联系。
然而，如果参与者已被诊断出患有慢性疾病，那么睡眠时间长与患另一种疾病的风险增加约 35% 相关。研究人员认为，这可能是因为潜在的健康水平影响了睡眠。
英国心脏基金会（British Heart Foundation）的高级心脏护士 Jo Whitmore 表示:“充足的睡眠可以让身体得到休息。睡眠不足还会以许多其他方式增加心脏病或中风的风险，包括炎症加重和血压升高。
“越来越多的研究强调了晚上睡个好觉的重要性，本研究再为这一领域添砖加瓦。”
本研究由美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的国家老龄化研究所（National Institute on Aging）、英国医学研究委员会（UK Medical Research Council）、英国心脏基金会（British Heart Foundation）和惠康基金会（Wellcome）资助。
研究的局限性
研究人员使用了 4000 名被试通过电子设备测得的数据证实了睡眠数据的结果，但不排除参与者自我报告的睡眠数据可能会受到报告偏差的影响。
与此同时，有关睡眠质量的数据只适用于 60 岁和 70 岁的人群。
白厅二期研究只涉及公务员群体，他们在研究招募时都是在职人员，身体可能比一般人群更健康。
原文链接：
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/967981
论文信息
【标题】Association of sleep duration at age 50, 60, and 70 years with risk of multimorbidity in the UK: 25-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study
【作者】Se´verine Sabia, Aline Dugravot, Damien Le´ger, Ce´line Ben Hassen
,Mika Kivimaki, Archana Singh-Manoux
【期刊】PLOS Medicine
【日期】October 18, 2022
【DOI】10.1371/journal.pmed.1004109.
【链接】https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004109#abstract0
【摘要】
Background
Sleep duration has been shown to be associated with individual chronic diseases but its association with multimorbidity, common in older adults, remains poorly understood. We examined whether sleep duration is associated with incidence of a first chronic disease, subsequent multimorbidity and mortality using data spanning 25 years.
Methods and findings
Data were drawn from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study, established in 1985 on 10,308 persons employed in the London offices of the British civil service. Self-reported sleep duration was measured 6 times between 1985 and 2016, and data on sleep duration was extracted at age 50 (mean age (standard deviation) = 50.6 (2.6)), 60 (60.3 (2.2)), and 70 (69.2 (1.9)). Incidence of multimorbidity was defined as having 2 or more of 13 chronic diseases, follow-up up to March 2019. Cox regression, separate analyses at each age, was used to examine associations of sleep duration at age 50, 60, and 70 with incident multimorbidity. Multistate models were used to examine the association of sleep duration at age 50 with onset of a first chronic disease, progression to incident multimorbidity, and death. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors.
A total of 7,864 (32.5% women) participants free of multimorbidity had data on sleep duration at age 50; 544 (6.9%) reported sleeping ≤5 hours, 2,562 (32.6%) 6 hours, 3,589 (45.6%) 7 hours, 1,092 (13.9%) 8 hours, and 77 (1.0%) ≥9 hours. Compared to 7-hour sleep, sleep duration ≤5 hours was associated with higher multimorbidity risk (hazard ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 1.50; p < 0.001). This was also the case for short sleep duration at age 60 (1.32, 1.13 to 1.55; p < 0.001) and 70 (1.40, 1.16 to 1.68; p < 0.001). Sleep duration ≥9 hours at age 60 (1.54, 1.15 to 2.06; p = 0.003) and 70 (1.51, 1.10 to 2.08; p = 0.01) but not 50 (1.39, 0.98 to 1.96; p = 0.07) was associated with incident multimorbidity. Among 7,217 participants free of chronic disease at age 50 (mean follow-up = 25.2 years), 4,446 developed a first chronic disease, 2,297 progressed to multimorbidity, and 787 subsequently died. Compared to 7-hour sleep, sleeping ≤5 hours at age 50 was associated with an increased risk of a first chronic disease (1.20, 1.06 to 1.35; p = 0.003) and, among those who developed a first disease, with subsequent multimorbidity (1.21, 1.03 to 1.42; p = 0.02). Sleep duration ≥9 hours was not associated with these transitions. No association was found between sleep duration and mortality among those with existing chronic diseases. The study limitations include the small number of cases in the long sleep category, not allowing conclusions to be drawn for this category, the self-reported nature of sleep data, the potential for reverse causality that could arise from undiagnosed conditions at sleep measures, and the small proportion of non-white participants, limiting generalization of findings.
Conclusions
In this study, we observed short sleep duration to be associated with risk of chronic disease and subsequent multimorbidity but not with progression to death. There was no robust evidence of an increased risk of chronic disease among those with long sleep duration at age 50. Our findings suggest an association between short sleep duration and multimorbidity.
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