数字经济驱动经济高质量发展
韦东明1，徐扬2,3，顾乃华4
（1.北京大学经济学院，北京100871；
2.佛山科学技术学院经济管理学院，广东 佛山528000；
3.广东省社会科学研究基地创新与经济转型升级研究中心，广东 佛山528000；
4.暨南大学产业经济研究院，广东 广州510632)
摘要：在理论机制分析的基础上，采用2012—2018年286个城市面板数据，以“国家级大数据综合试验区”作为数字经济发展的准自然实验，考察数字经济的经济效应评估问题。结果表明，数字经济对经济高质量发展具有明显的驱动作用。数字经济的有效性主要通过提升政府治理水平、推动智能化发展、促进区域创新和优化产业结构等机制实现。数字经济的促进效应主要通过技术进步驱动，集中于中西部城市、三四五线城市以及非资源型城市，且随着经济高质量发展水平的提高，数字经济的促进效应呈现“波动上行”特征。研究结果为深化大数据综合试验区建设工作，推动经济高质量发展，构建“双循环”新发展格局提供经验借鉴。
：数字经济；经济高质量发展；大数据综合试验区；双重差分法
主要研究结论：本文关注以大数据综合试验区为重点的数字经济对经济高质量发展的影响效应和作用路径，基于渐进双重差分模型通过以2012—2018年286个城市面板数据为样本的实证研究，得出以下研究结论：第一，以大数据综合试验区为重点的数字经济推动了信息传播与数据共享，推动产业数字化转型，对于驱动经济高质量发展具有显著作用。第二，在大数据综合试验区的政策影响下，通过加强数字经济的顶层设计、加速智能化工具运用、促进创新要素集聚与高新产业兴起，数字经济可以有效推动经济高质量发展。第三，数字经济在促进数字前沿技术创新发展的同时，可能加剧互联网产业的垄断，降低新技术的使用效率。因此，数字经济的经济作用更多表现为技术规模的扩张，而非技术效率的提升。第四，数字经济具有“普惠性”特征，对欠发达地区往往具有更强的经济带动作用。因此，数字经济的作用集中于中西部城市、三四五线城市和非资源型城市。第五，经济高质量发展处于中高水平阶段的城市受到数字经济政策的数字资本积累效应可能更强。因此，随着经济高质量发展水平的提高，数字经济的促进效应呈现出“波动上行”特征。
Digital economy promote the high-quality economic development
Wei Dongming1, Xu Yang2,3, Gu Naihua4
(1. School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2. Business School, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China;
3. Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Transformation of the Research Institute of Social Sciences in Guangdong Province, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China;
4. Institute of Industrial Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China)
Abstract:China′s economy is in a critical period of high-quality economic development, and the new model of digital technology represented by big data economy has gradually become the driving engine of high-quality economic development. Under the tide of global digital economy, the Chinese government attaches importance to and encourages the development of the new generation of information technology and digital economy, and has carried out a series of measures for the development of digital economy, one of which is the establishment of a national big data pilot zone. Therefore, whether the digital economy focusing on the big data pilot zone can drive the high-quality economic development has become the focus of attention from all walks of life. However, the academic literature provides limited understanding of the impact of digital economy on high-quality economic development. Therefore, it is imperative for us to examine this issue in the context of a new round of scientific and technological revolution.
This paper used the panel data of 286 cities from 2012 to 2018 to construct an economic quality index based on global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity. Taking the digital economy policy of "national big data pilot area" as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper used the progressive double difference model to investigate the impact of digital economy on the high-quality development of economy. It was found that the digital economy has a significant driving effect on the high-quality development of economy, mainly through the channels of improving the level of government governance, promoting intelligent development, promoting regional innovation, and optimizing industrial structure. The promotion effect of digital economy is mainly driven by technological progress, and the economic promotion effect of the central and western cities, third, fourth and fifth tier cities is stronger than that of the eastern and northeastern cities, as well as the first-tier and new first-tier and second-tier cities, and the economic promotion effect of non-resource cities is stronger than that of resource cities. With the improvement of high-quality economic development level, the economic promotion effect of digital economy is stronger than that of resource cities. The promotion effect of digital economy shows the characteristics of "fluctuation upward" change with increasing margin.
The innovations of this paper are as follows. First, previous literatures mainly focused on the economic growth effect of digital economy, while few of them examined the high-quality development effect of digital economy. In fact, under the background of a new round of scientific and technological innovation, the digital economy has stimulated the transformation of economic structure and efficiency conversion, which plays an important role in promoting high-quality economic development and building a modern industrial system. This paper analyzed the internal mechanism and influence effect of digital economy on the high-quality development of economy, which will enrich the role and effect research of digital economy to a certain extent. Secondly, this paper took the policy of "national big data pilot zone" as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the causal effect of digital economy on high-quality economic development, alleviate the possible endogeneity problems, and then obtain rigorous research conclusions. Thirdly, this paper has also contributed to the accurate understanding of the driving factors of high-quality economic development. From the perspective of digital economy development, this paper has deeply investigated the important influencing factors of high-quality economic development, and will provide theoretical and empirical explanations for China′s high-quality economic development, and help to deepen the understanding of the internal relationship between digital economy and high-quality economic development.
Based on the above conclusions, this paper revealed the following policy implications. First, we should expand the coverage of the pilot zone and include other cities in the digital economy policy system, especially cities in the central and western regions and small- and medium-sized cities. Second, we should integrate regional data resources and government information integration, strengthen the development of digital, intelligent, and automated infrastructure, and continue to carry out information industry innovation. Third, we should improve the technological innovation ability and technical efficiency of the digital economy.
Key words:digital economy; high-quality economic development; national big data pilot zone; difference-in-difference method
引用本文：韦东明，徐扬，顾乃华.数字经济驱动经济高质量发展[J].科研管理,2023,44(9):10-19.
转自：“科研管理”微信公众号
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