Instructions for Authors
Aim and scope of the journal
Animal Welfare is an international scientific and technical journal. It publishes the results of peer-reviewed scientific research, technical studies and reviews relating to the welfare of kept animals (eg on farms, in laboratories, zoos and as companions) and of those in the wild whose welfare is compromised by human activities. Papers on related ethical, social, and legal issues and interdisciplinary papers will also be considered for publication. Studies that are derivative or which replicate existing publications will only be considered if they are adequately justified.
Papers will only be considered if they bring new knowledge (for research papers), new perspectives (for reviews) or develop new techniques. Papers must have the potential to improve animal welfare, and the way in which they achieve this, or are likely to do so, must be clearly specified in the section on Animal welfare implications.
The journal also includes letters to the editor, commentary on topical issues such as developments in legislation and codes of practice
Abstracting
The journal is covered by the Science Citation Index and is abstracted in: Biological Abstracts; CAB Abstracts; Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences; Current Primate References; EMBASE; Focus on: Veterinary Science & Medicine; Humans & Other Species; Research Alert; SciSearch; Toxicology Abstracts; Veterinary Update; it is indexed in Zoological Record.
Refereed papers in Animal Welfare include:
Original articles
Invited essays
Review articles
Short communications of less than 2000 words. These may be original, interpretative or review papers; factual accounts of field workers' practical experiences in dealing with welfare problems; constructive critiques of other papers, etc
Technical contributions for example, on practical methods of improving animal welfare or on aspects of research methodology or technology
Access to papers published in Animal Welfare and open-access arrangements
Most, papers published in Animal Welfare are only available through subscription to UFAW or 'pay per view' at IngentaConnect. However, arrangements can be made for open access publication of papers where authors prefer this, providing the manuscripts are found to satisfy the same rigorous peer-review scrutiny process as all other papers published in the journal.
Open Access
The journal offers a number of routes for open access:
Preprints
Authors can share preprints of their manuscript prior to acceptance for publication in Animal Welfare by providing copies to their students or to their research collaborators for their personal use. If the paper is accepted for publication it is good practice to link the preprint to the final publication via its DOI, and we encourage you to do so to allow your readers to cite the research effectively.
Paid for Open Access (Gold Open Access)
The article processing charge for open-access publication is £1,800 per manuscript. Papers published on a Gold open access basis will be available free to all at the IngentaConnect website and will also be included, in the usual way, in the paper copy of the Journal. Please contact the UFAW office, no later than at the time of acceptance of the manuscript, if you wish to arrange or discuss open access and the appropriate licence.
If you have paid for Gold access and wish to share your article with others, please do this by providing a link to the published article on the journal website rather than by sending a file.
Self-archiving on a non-commercial repository or website (Green Open Access)
Authors may self-archive the accepted version of their manuscript* on a non-commercial repository or website, on condition that public access to the manuscript is enabled only after an embargo period of 12 months from the publication date of the issue in which the paper is published. This embargo period is needed to allow the Journal to provide value to paying subscribers. Accepted manuscripts should link to the final publication via the final publication’s DOI. This allows your readers to cite your research effectively. You must not make any changes to the archived accepted manuscript so as to make it more like the published paper in the journal Animal Welfare
Self archived manuscripts must have attached a CC-BY-NC-ND Licence, (see Creative Commons).
Authors are NOT allowed to self-archive, so as to make available for open access, any version of the paper that has been edited and/or formatted for publication in the Journal Animal Welfare.
* The ‘accepted version of the manuscript’ means the accepted unformatted manuscript as submitted by the author(s), usually with the author’s corrections based on referees and editorial comments.
Open Access in developing countries
In pursuit of its charitable objective to promote welfare through education and to make the welfare information published by UFAW accessible to a wide worldwide audience, UFAW has partnered with HINARI a World Health Organisation programme to make Animal Welfare available online, free or at very low cost, to staff members and students in qualifying not-for-profit organisations based in developing countries throughout the World. Organisations in these countries able to access the journal include national universities, medical schools (including nursing, pharmacy, public health, and dentistry schools), research institutes, teaching hospitals and healthcare centres, government offices, national medical libraries and local non-governmental organisations (a list is available at this address http://www.research4life.org/institutions/). The journal is also linked through the OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) scheme led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the AGORA program (Access to Global Online Resources in Agriculture), set up by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN.
Policy on studies involving live animals
Animal Welfare will not include papers based on work that involves unnecessary pain, distress, suffering or lasting harm. Manuscripts describing research involving live animals must include appropriate details, in the methods section, of animals used, housing and feeding, experimental design, experimental procedures, ethical considerations, and licences and approvals under which the work was carried out (see Materials and methods).
In preparation of manuscripts describing work on live animals, authors should use the ARRIVE guidelines as a checklist. These guidelines are available at:
http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=1206&page=1357&skin=0
Other restrictions
Material submitted must not have been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Papers should not normally exceed 10 000 words (c20 pages of the journal including tables, diagrams and references).
Publication of additional/supporting material that is related to, but not part of, the paper
Additional supporting material such as data sets or appendices that are relevant to, but which do not form part of, the paper itself can be submitted for publication at the Animal Welfare website. Such additional material (up to a maximum of 20 A4 pages) should be submitted at the same time as the manuscript and in PDF format. Where such additional material is available, reference should be made to this at an appropriate point or points in the text. When the paper is published, the website address of the additional material will be made clear at this point or points.
Review articles
A good review article has the following features:
(1) Originality.
(2) Advances knowledge and original thinking.
(3) Theory-based.
(4) Evidence-based.
(5) Accurate, comprehensive and rigorous.
(6) Provide recommendations for future enquiry.
(7) Stimulates debate.
See Hagger MS 2012 What makes a ‘good’ review article? Some reflections and recommendations. Health Psychology Review 6: 141-146.
It is important that writers of reviews explicitly state in the methods section the methodology used in their review:
Databases searched
Search terms
Any restrictions on the search, eg date limits
Criteria for inclusion or rejection from the review
Any further searches, eg use of references in articles found in the initial search.
The following paper provides a good example in the methods section as to how this should be done. Gilliam MB, and Schwebel DC 2013 Physical activity in child and adolescent cancer survivors: a review. Health Psychology Review 7: 92-110.
Submission of manuscripts
Papers should be submitted through our ScholarOne Manuscripts site: http://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/ufaw-aw. Please refer to the section above on Aim and scope of the journal before submitting a paper. The author should keep a copy of all submitted material. All manuscripts must be word processed in Microsoft Word.
The author will be required to confirm that:
legal and ethical requirements regarding use of animals or collection of data from human subjects have been met, see Policy on studies involving live animals and Other restrictions above, and also the Materials and methods section in Preparation of manuscripts below;
written permission has been obtained to reproduce text, illustrations or data or to quote from published works, and that suitable acknowledgements of source have been made;
for multi-author papers, all authors have agreed the final text for publication.
articles will typically be scrutinised by a minimum of two referees before being accepted or rejected and authors are encouraged to suggest and provide the names and contact details of up to three referees suitable for peer reviewing of their manuscript (these may or may not be selected by Section Editors to undertake the peer review).
Style
Papers must be written in the English language. Articles should be written in a style that is readily comprehensible.
Preparation of manuscripts
Authors should consult a recent edition of the journal to familiarise themselves with the journal's conventions on format.
Manuscripts should be word processed in Microsoft Word using Times New Roman font, double-spaced with lines numbered. The pages should be numbered consecutively and securely fixed together. The contents will usually be organised into an Abstract (followed by keywords), Introduction, Materials and methods section (including statistical analyses), Results, Discussion, Conclusion and Animal welfare implications. A running title must be supplied (of no more than 7 words).
Title page
Give the full title and running title of the paper and the name(s) of the author(s). For multi-author papers the full e-mail, telephone, fax and postal addresses of the correspondent should be given, plus the addresses of the other authors. The correspondent must be clearly indicated.
Centre the title in bold letters. Name(s) and institutional address(es) of author(s) should be centred under the title in upper and lower case, eg
Advances in the assessment of animal welfare
AN Other
University of Wheathampstead
Abstract
To consist of not more than 250 words. It should outline clearly and concisely the main findings without reference to the text and end in a brief statement on the paper's conclusions and animal welfare implications. This should not contain details of statistical analyses or references (eg P > 0.01).
Keywords
Six keywords should be noted in alphabetical order below the abstract. These should include 'animal welfare' and the common name of the main species involved (where appropriate). The keywords will be used for abstracting and indexing the article.
Materials and methods
The description of the methods should be sufficiently detailed to allow replication of the work. In studies involving animals, provide details of numbers used and of species, strain, age, sex, source and other relevant characters.
In preparation of manuscripts describing work on live animals, authors should use the ARRIVE guidelines as a checklist. These guidelines are available at:
http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=1206&page=1357&skin=0
Full details should be given of experimental design, procedures and testing or observational regimes. Description of the statistical analyses should also be included as a subdivision of the methods section (see recent paper for format). If the animals were kept in captivity, provide relevant details of housing, feeding and management (eg type of housing and environment, diet and feeding regime, group size and composition, and acclimation and routine management procedures).
Where ethical considerations arise (eg if procedures compromise animal welfare or other ethical concerns), these should be addressed in the methods section. Any ethical implications and justifications of the experimental design or procedures should be described; details should be provided of licences or other permissions required for the work (eg from ethical review bodies). Measures undertaken to minimise the adverse welfare impact on animals involved, including choice of sample size, use of pilot tests and predetermined rules for intervention, should be described. The fate of all animals used in the study should be detailed. Steps taken to enhance the welfare of animals involved (eg through environmental enrichment) should also be outlined.
Data should be subjected to appropriate statistical analyses, with the chosen methods clearly described. Relevant references or details of software packages should be cited.
When expressing statistical probabilities, follow the following style: n = 7; ns - not significant; P < 0.05, P = 0.1, one-tailed P < 0.01 (capital, italic P, single space either side of < or = sign); F5,25 = 2.61; where appropriate, indicate the number of degrees of freedom (as df = 3).
Follow the ARRIVE Guidelines concerning statistics and their presentation (see above).
Animal welfare implications
To be set out at the end of the text as a subdivision of the discussion or conclusion.
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