根据美国化学会出版社2006年推出的《ACS Style Guide-Effective Communication of Scientific Information第三版》,本文为科技论文写作者在正确选择数字格式方面提供建议。
●For very large numbers with units of measure, use scientific notation or choose an appropriate multiplying prefix for the unit to avoid numbers of more than four digits. (如果数字非常大,且有计量单位,应使用科学记数法或为单位选择适当的乘法前缀,避免出现超过四位数的数字。)
例如:1.2 × 106 s
3.0 × 104 kg
5.8 × 10–5 M或58 μM
42.3 L(而非42,300 mL或42 300 mL)
但也存在例外的情况,比如:
In tables, use the same unit and multiplying prefix for all entries in a column, even if some entries therefore require four or more digits.(在表格中,对列中所有条目应使用相同的单位和乘法前缀,即便某些条目因此需要四位或四位以上的位数。)
Use the preferred unit of a discipline, even when the numbers require four or more digits (即便数字会出现四位或四位以上的位数也要使用学科常用的单位)
●Use the period as the decimal point, never a comma. (使用句点作为小数点,而非逗号。)
●Use numerals before and after a decimal point.(小数点前后使用数字。)
例如:0.25(而非 .25)
78.0或78(而非78.)
●Use decimals rather than fractions with units of time or measure, except when doing so would imply an unwarranted accuracy. (对于时间或度量的单位,使用小数,不用分数,除非这样做有特殊的准确度含义。)
例如:3.5 h(而非3½ h)
5.25 g(而非5¼ g)
●When two numbered items are cited in narrative, use “and”. (当叙述中引用两个编号条目时,使用“and”。)
例如:Figures 1 and 2
refs 23 and 24
●Use an en dash in ranges or series of three or more numbered items, whether onthe line or in a superscript. (在三个或三个以上编号条目的范围或系列中使用连接号,不管是在行中还是上标中。)
例如:43–49
aliquots of 50–100 mL
325–372
eqs 6–9
2005–2008
samples 5–10
Tables 1–4
past results (27–31)
temperatures of 100–125 ℃
●Do not use an en dash in expressions with the words “from … to” or “between … and”. (在使用单词“from … to”或“between … and”的表达中切勿使用连接号。)
例如:from 20 to 80(而非from 20–80)
between 50 and 100 mL(而非between 50–100 mL)
●When either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash. (当一个或两个数字都为负数或包含一个修饰数字的符号时,请使用单词“to”或“through”,而不是连接号。)
例如:–20 to +120 K
–145 to –30 ℃
≈50 to 60
10 to >600 mL
<5 to 15 mg
●For ranges in scientific notation, retain all parts of all numbers or avoid ambiguity by use of parentheses or other enclosing marks. (对于用科学记数法表示的范围,保留所有数字的所有部分,或者使用括号或其它封闭标记来避免歧义。)
例如:9.2×10–3 to 12.6×10–3 或 (9.2–12.6) × 10–3(而非9.2 to 12.6×10–3)
●Do not use e or E to mean “multiplied by the power of 10”. (切勿用e或E来表示“乘以10的幂次方”。)
例如:3.7 × 105(而非 3.7e5, 3.7E+5)
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