相信很多同学都经历过英语论文投稿的痛苦。今天帮大家总结下在写英语论文时最容易犯哪些错误,以及如何避免它们。虽然现在有ChatGPT辅助论文翻译和写作，但是下面很多错误，直接让chatgpt翻译是无法避免的，大家可以对照这些准则来检查自己的论文。或者在写论文的时候避免下面的错误。
1. 冠词(a, an, the)的使用
中英文语言系统的根本差异导致这个问题。中文没有冠词系统,通过上下文传达特指或泛指的含义。而英语则需要通过精确的冠词使用来传达这些信息。
判断标准:
定冠词the: 用于特指
不定冠词a/an: 用于泛指单个
零冠词: 用于一般概念
示例分析:
例1 - 特定设备的描述：
❌ "Software PowerSHAPE is chosen as 3D modeling tool."
✅ "The software PowerSHAPE is chosen as the 3D modeling tool."
(因为PowerSHAPE是特定软件，且文中只用了这一个建模工具)
例2 - 研究方法的描述：
❌ "Theoretical method for calculating inner flow-field is presented."
✅ "A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field is presented."
(因为是介绍一个新方法，用a；inner flow-field是特定区域，用the)
例3 - 实验设备的描述：
❌ "Temperature was measured using thermocouple."
✅ "The temperature was measured using a thermocouple."
(特定温度用the；非特定温度计用a)
2. 超长句子
问题根源:
这是中文写作思维的直接迁移。中文倾向于在一个句子中通过多个分句来展示完整的逻辑链条,而英语更重视句子的简洁性和清晰度。
改进方法:
每个句子限制在1-2个主题
使用分号连接密切相关的内容
适当使用项目符号列表
示例分析:
例1 -
❌"The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is 0.00012 radians, the gear gap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, non-linearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function method..."
✅"The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap, which is 0.00012 radians, has different output values corresponding to any given input value. The non-linearity of the gear gap model can be described using the phase function method."
正确写法应该把这个长句子拆分成多个独立的句子,每个句子表达一个完整的想法。
例2 - 数据参数列表：
❌ "The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters, the thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters, the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters, the weight of the case is about 24127 tons."
✅ 改为列表形式：
"The case dimensions are as follows:
Clearance height: 6.15 meters
Roof thickness: 0.85 meters
Bottom thickness: 0.90 meters
Overall width: 26.6 meters
Axial cord length: 304.5 meters
Jacking section length: 148.8 meters (approx.)
Total weight: 24127 tons (approx.)"
3. 句子开头的位置问题
原因分析:
中文习惯先交代背景再说重点,而英语倾向于直接陈述主要信息。
改进方法:
核心信息放在句首
背景信息作为补充放在后面
减少铺垫性内容
示例:
例1 - 研究目的描述：
❌ "For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem."
✅ "This paper studies the nesting optimization problem for application in automobile interiors."
例2 - 实验条件描述：
❌ "Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos."
✅ "The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos."
例3 - 时间条件：
❌ "When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for ∆=0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8."
✅ "Figure 8 shows the BDs for ∆=0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter."
4. "respectively"的误用
问题本质:
中文"分别"的使用较为灵活,而英语中"respectively"有着严格的使用规则。
正确使用规则:
位置必须在句末
仅用于建立明确的一一对应关系
当对应关系已经清晰时不需要使用
示例分析:
❌"The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400."
✅"The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively."
5. "In this paper/study"的使用
问题分析:
过度使用这些短语会显得行文重复冗余,影响文章的专业性。
使用建议:
仅在以下场合使用:
引言和结论部分强调文章内容
与其他研究成果进行对比时
每篇文章使用次数不应超过三次
示例分析:
例1 - 引言部分：
✅ "In this study, we propose a novel method for calculating heat transfer coefficients."
(引言中介绍研究内容是合适的)
例2 - 与其他研究对比：
✅ "While previous studies focused on linear models, in this paper, we explore non-linear relationships."
(突出本研究特点时使用)
例3 - 错误使用：
❌ "In this paper, IDEAS was used to analyze the data."
✅ "IDEAS was used to analyze the data."
(简单描述方法时不需要强调)
6. 数字使用规范
基本原则:
句子开头必须用英文单词表示数字
一般性描述用英文单词
具体数据用阿拉伯数字
示例:
例1 - 句子开头：
❌ "12 parameters were selected for the experiment."
✅ "Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment."
例2 - 一般性描述：
❌ "All 3 studies concluded similar results."
✅ "All three studies concluded similar results."
例3 - 具体数据：
✅ "The temperature increased by 2.5°C."
✅ "The sample contained 150 participants."
7. 图表引用规范
正确格式:
缩写形式: Fig. 和 Tbl.
缩写与数字间需要空格
句首必须写完整单词
示例:
例1 - 句首引用：
❌ "Fig. 6 shows the results."
✅ "Figure 6 shows the results."
例2 - 句中引用：
❌ "As shown in Figure.6"
✅ "As shown in Fig. 6"
例3 - 多图引用：
❌ "In Fig 1, Fig 2 and Fig 3"
✅ "In Figs. 1, 2, and 3"
8. 变量表示规范
正文中的变量要使用斜体
单位与数字间需要空格
公式应该独立成行
9. 避免冗余表达
常见冗余词组及其简化:
Research work → Research
Layout scheme → Layout
Simulation results → Results
Knowledge information → Knowledge
例1 - 研究相关：
❌ "Research work shows..."
✅ "Research shows..." 或 "Studies show..."
例2 - 方案描述：
❌ "The layout scheme of the system..."
✅ "The layout of the system..."
例3 - 结果描述：
❌ "The calculation results indicate..."
✅ "The calculations indicate..." 或 "The results show..."
10. 复数形式使用
需要用复数的情况:
different后接复数名词
various后接复数名词
数字后接复数名词
示例:
例1 - different的使用：
❌ "different parameter"
✅ "different parameters"
例2 - various的使用：
❌ "various method"
✅ "various methods"
例3 - 数字后接名词：
❌ "fifteen thermocouple"
✅ "fifteen thermocouples"
11. 地域性表达
避免使用:
"at home"
"abroad"
"our country"
替代表达:
直接使用具体国家名称,如"in China"
例1 - 国内情况：
❌ "At home, this technology is still developing."
✅ "In China, this technology is still developing."
例2 - 国外对比：
❌ "This method is widely used abroad."
✅ "This method is widely used in Europe and North America."
例3 - 本土研究：
❌ "In our country, many researchers..."
✅ "Chinese researchers..." 或 "Researchers in China..."
12. 连接词使用
经常混淆逻辑连接词，如“therefore”和“however”，导致句子逻辑不清。
示例：
例1 - such as和etc.：
❌ "Such as motors, printers, and etc."
✅ "Such as motors and printers." 或 "Motors, printers, etc."
例2 - namely的使用：
❌ "The system has three parts, namely: A, B, and C."
✅ "The system has three parts: A, B, and C."
例3 - “therefore”和“however”的使用：
❌"The experiment failed. Therefore, further analysis is needed. However, improvements can be made."
✅"The experiment failed; therefore, further analysis is needed. However, improvements can be made."
转自科研人FrankG微信公众号，仅作学习交流，如有侵权，请联系本站删除！
