不可否认，讨论部分想要写好，是很不容易的。需要结合你的结果和已知文献结论，进行深入对比分析，需要一定的知识积累。讨论部分的实际目的，其实是要通过对比分析，强调你的研究的创新性和合理性。
在正式撰写讨论之前，你可以问自己以下6个问题，以便做到逻辑自洽，讨论的全面深入：
1 我的假设是正确的吗？
2 如果我之前的假设部分正确，又或者与已发表的文献结论完全不同，那么，从我的结果中实际推断出的结论是什么？
3 先前的研究对该主题已有哪些结果？我的结论如何改变或补充该领域的现有知识？
4 为什么我的结果对该领域很重要？这些结果是否为科学共识增添了新的证据或反驳了先前的研究？
5 在我的研究基础上，未来的研究将如何进行？哪些关键实验必须进行？
6 你希望给读者留下印象最深的结论点是什么？
关于讨论部分的框架结构：
一般首段再次总结论文的主要结果，强调意义；紧跟着的2-5段，会结合已知文献逐一讨论对比每个结果，或相似或相反，分析一下原因是什么；最后是本研究的局限性和优势；Conclusion部分再次总结本研究的主要贡献及意义。
讨论部分容易犯的错误，有以下四点：
1 引入结果部分没有提到的新结论或证据。讨论部分提到的所有结果必须在Results部分已经呈现过了，不能在讨论部分引入新的结论。
2 对局限性或负面结果避而不谈。局限性和负面结果将使读者了解你的研究课题的全貌，是对你论文结果未涉及部分或不完美部分的有益补充，审稿人也会很关注这部分内容。
3 Limitations局限性部分的撰写推翻了你的方法或结果部分的陈述。即使你的研究存在重大局限性，也不能以己之矛攻己之盾，推翻你自己的结果，否则论文将很难站得住脚。
4 夸大你的研究的重要性。对于你的研究如何充分解决重大问题做出过于宏大的陈述，会引起reviewer和读者的质疑。毕竟学术研究还是更提倡实事求是，有凭有据。
讨论部分的例句模板：
总结本研究结果：
This study has identified …
The research has also shown that …
These experiments confirmed that …
This study has found that generally …
The investigation of X has shown that …
和以往研究进行对比分析：
支持过往研究结果：
This study confirms that X is associated with …
This finding is consistent with that of Smith (2000) who …
Comparison of the findings with those of other studies confirms …
This also accords with our earlier observations, which showed that …
These results corroborate the findings of a great deal of the previous work in …
In accordance with the present results, previous studies have demonstrated that …
Consistent with the literature, this research found that participants who reported using X also …
和过往研究结果相反：
This study has been unable to demonstrate that …
However, this result has not previously been described.
This outcome is contrary to that of Smith et al. (2001) who found …
This finding is contrary to previous studies which have suggested that …
In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of X was detected.
The yields in this investigation were higher compared to those of other studies.
However, the findings of the current study do not support the previous research.
讨论本研究的局限性：
This current study is limited by the absence of …/the possible effect of …/the fact that it only surveyed …/by the fact that it was restricted to …
The most important limitation lies in the fact that …
The main weakness of this study was the paucity of …
未来研究展望：
A further study with more focus on X is therefore suggested.
There is abundant room for further progress in determining …
Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.
Further work is needed to develop reliable analytical methods for …
To develop a full picture of X, additional studies will be needed that …
In future investigations, it might be possible to use a different X in which …
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