摘要一般是论文的最后一个写作环节，也是笔者认为最难写的部分，需要精雕细琢来突出最想让审稿人和读者阅读的闪光点，其重要性仅次于题目。好的摘要可以增加论文被录用和被引用的概率。
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#01 摘要主要包含五个部分
别看摘要才短短200-300字，但它基本上是整篇论文等比例的微缩版。SCI论文通常采用结构化的摘要，其基本组成部分是：
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#02 摘要写作的一般注意事项
摘要是论文主体的浓缩，所以一般都是在完成论文主体的各个部分后再写的，提炼压缩各个部分成1-2句话，并有逻辑地连接起来即可。
摘要应该是独立和简洁的，需要清晰的逻辑思路，旨在描述您的工作，但不会深入细节。所以摘要里不要充斥着大量数字，但是要有必要的数据。
大多数期刊要求摘要避免使用缩写词。不用引文，一般不出现书写公式、化学结构式、插图和表格。
切记勿将正文的部分直接截取过来作为摘要，摘要出现字句也不要原封不动的照搬到正文里。
摘要尽量用短语，用动词的主动语态，同时最好用第三人称。描述研究工作一般用过去时态，但在说明结论时，应用现在时态。
简单点说一个好的研究就是提出问题，解决问题。所以研究问题和结果为摘要的重点部分。重要的结果在摘要就体现出来，给读者一目了然的信息，不要故留悬念。
最后阐述本文的重要意义时，记得对之前描述的“现有研究不足”和“研究问题”给予回应。
摘要中常见的问题有：摘要过长、长句过多、目的或研究问题不明确、数值和数据统计结果过多、总结没有基于结果，太过空乏。
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#03 万能高分模板句式 & 高频词组
摘要有“起承转合”固定的写作模式，可以用连贯词突出逻辑性，再结合使用的高频词汇，人人都可以成为摘要写作的高手。
/ 起承转合四步法 /
起：The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood/remain largely unknown
承：To define......, We performed/Here/We reported that
转：Surprisingly/Intriguingly/However/In contrast/Importantly
合：Thus/Therefore/Consistently/We conclude that/We therefore pro-pose that/These data demonstrate/These data establish that/These results signify a critical role for/Overall, our data demonstrate that
/ Background /
开头先提某研究方向很“重要”，表达“重要”的高频词组：
major, essential, fundamental, act as a primary, contribute to, powerful effects, profound impact, play central roles in, show an important role in, have crucial roles, have been intensively studied, has been a milestone, has attracted enormous interest in, has recently emerged as a key, one of the most common/prevalent/aggressive types of
某事很“严重”，所以要研究，表达“严重”的高频词组：
aberrant, abnormal, devastating, fatal, prevalent, severely affects, variable and unpredictable, rare and frequently aggressive
表达“总结”或“陈述”的高频词组：
review, summarize, present, outline, describe
表达研究现状的句式：
Recent studies have identified......
Epidemiological studies suggest that......
......have been intensively studied for their role in......
......has attracted enormous interest in......owing to......
......is a highly attractive candidate for developing......
表达现有研究不足的句式：
However, ......is not clearly understood
but less is known about their potential role in......
However, a major problem with this kind of application is......
Despite its safety and efficacy, ......suffers from several major drawbacks......
/ Objective /
表达“目的”的高频词组：
purpose, attempt, aim, study, present, include, focus, emphasize, attention
表达研究目的的句式：
The aim of present study was to investigate......
This study examined......
To identify/investigate......, we attempt to/carried out/examined......
With the aim to......, we have derived......
表达研究待解决......的句式：
These findings have raised the question of......
To address......, we used......
Better understanding the mechanisms for......will benefit......
表达研究重点的句式：
This paper presents......, emphasizing the relationship with......
We draw attention to two problems associated with......
/ Method and Result /
论述方法或结果“层级递进”的连贯词：
also, then, besides, on the other hand, moreover, in addition (to), additionally, furthermore, subsequently, following, finally, therefore
表达“上升或下降趋势”的高频词组：
↑：increase, improve, activate, elevate, rescue
↓：decrease, reduce, inactivate, suppress, impair
表达“借助于某工具”的高频词组：
via, use, applied, done, though, based on, be according to, by means of, in terms of
表达“结果”的高频词组：
conclude, demonstrate, indicate, introduce, present, result, show, summary, suggest
表达研究包括什么材料，应用什么方法，得到什么结果的句式：
......was used in/involved in......to detect/identify......
......were applied/conducted/employed/performed/investigated/carried out
Data were gathered from......at various time points during the......year
Through......, we found/observed that......
The effects/roles of......were determined/analyzed/examined by......
/ Conclusion /
评价“结论”的词组：
clear, effective, notable, reliable, robust, intriguing, interesting, important, simple, be sufficient to, with a focus, largely consistent with
下结论一般是各种“可能”，表达“可能”的高频词组：
might, may, possibly, it could be, would, can（“可能性”从左到右依次加强）
概述研究内容和意义的句式：
We give a summary of......
This study has explained the central importance of......
Together, these observations suggest that......
These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism......
We introduce a procedure that......
We conclude that......is of practical value for......
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