文献综述literature review是毕业论文里最重要的一个部分之一，且是文章的开端部分，可以说literature review写的好，文章给人的第一印象就成功了一半。
今天这篇文章，小帮就要来和大家介绍literature review的写法、结构、以及句型。
01
介绍理论背景 (theoretical framework)
在回顾具体的文献前，需要先介绍出你的research topic下的理论背景或模型，因为这是所有literature的foundation！是最fundamental的东西！
02
介绍已有研究 (existing literature)
回顾的时候一定要做到两件事：
1 有重点
这里注意，虽然是literature review，但一定不是文献的堆积，要be selective！选出最和你研究课题相关的4-5篇文章重点回顾，其他的可以简略的说。
2 有层次
不仅单篇文章重要，文章和文章之间的相互关系更重要！所以需要你对阅读的literature进行归纳分类和比对。
例如可以把相同观点（或使用相同研究方法)的文章在一个段落介绍；
同时要突出文献之间的冲突感！因为有了冲突感才能让文献回顾显得有层次，激发读者兴趣往下读！
【已有研究】万能句型
Recent evidence suggests that …
Extensive/Previous/Prior research has shown that …
Previous research has established that …
A series of recent studies have indicated that…
Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on …
There is a growing body of literature that investigates…
Ample evidence exists to support the view/hypothesis that…
Researchers have become increasingly interested in…
… is an emerging research area in the field of …
【研究冲突】万能句型
The extent to which … has remained controversial.
Whether and the extent to which … determines the … is controversial.
However, the extent to which the model of … influences … has been under much debate in the field of…. Some … whereas some …
There appear to be discrepancies between some of the reported observations.
The results on this question are mixed.
Research on this issue presents conflicting findings.
The literature on __ is less consistent.
There is far less consensus as to…
03
介绍 (research gap)
已有的研究回顾完了，就该展现你的研究了。也就是我们必须要回答的why you are doing what you are doing的问题。
现有研究存在哪些问题？
哪些还没有被研究到？
哪些文章你没有被它们的结论convince？
哪些地方你觉得需要被改进？
这都是你的critical thinking，是属于你的精华！
[research gap]万能句型 (缺少前人研究)
While/Whist/Although some/extensive/a considerable body of research has been carried out on …, much less is known about…
To date, this problem has received little/scant attention in the research literature.
The role of … in … is less certain/understudied/poorly understood.
So far, however, there has been very little discussion about…
In contrast to…, there is much less information about the effects of…
[research gap]万能句型 (前人研究缺陷)
This seems to be a common problem in…
The limitations of … are increasingly apparent.
One limitation in … is that…
The existing studies have many problems in …
The existing accounts fail to resolve/address…
Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify…
…’s research is not without controversy.
04
介绍当前的研究 (the current study)
最后就可以很自然的引出你的study了。这里是一个overview，以及需要再次明确你的research aim。这里应该和第三步的研究断层一致，才能前后呼应。
[research aim]万能句型
This study/paper/essay is aimed at…/provides an overview of.../discusses the role of ... in.../investigates the factors that determine…
The aim of this study is twofold. The first is to…. The second is to ….
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