外刊来源：TE | Aug 2nd 2023
大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）作为关键的洋流系统，为南大洋和北大西洋之间输送水和热量，其周期长达数年，对两个半球的天气模式都有一定影响，这篇文章则是《经济学人》报刊对AMOC作的详细解释，文章提到，近几年，该系统日益减弱，这一过程可能带来灾难性的后果。本期推文选取了文章的前两段，让我们一起学习可以用于英文写作的替换表达吧
原文标题：
What is AMOC, the heat-distributing Atlantic current?
01
Passage 1
Ask a climate scientist about possible “tipping points” and you are likely to hear about AMOC. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is a stream of water which, as it flows from the southern to the northern (hence “meridional”) part of the Atlantic, grows cooler and saltier. Eventually it sinks to the ocean floor, 3km down, and flows back (hence “overturning”) across the abyssal plain. Mounting evidence suggests that the system that helps distribute heat around the world is weakening. Why do scientists find this so worrying?
如果你去问气候科学家什么是可能出现的 "临界点"，你很可能会听说 "大西洋经向翻转环流"（AMOC）。大西洋经向翻转环流是一种洋流，当它从大西洋南部流向北部（由此被称为 "经向"）时，其温度和盐度都会升高。最终，它会下沉到海底 3 千米处，然后在深海平原上回流（由此被称为 "翻转"）。越来越多的证据表明，这一协助热量输送至全球的系统正在减弱。为什么科学家们会对这一现象如此担忧呢？
替换表达
a critical /pivotal point /threshold——tipping point
转折点，临界点
Eg: Tensions between residents reached a tipping point after the incident.
这场事故发生后，居民之间的紧张关系到达了临界点。
so /therefore /consequently——hence
1. hence+名词，形成一个没有谓语动词的特殊句型，表示“因为前面说过的缘故，所以有了…”。
Eg: Hence my surprise. 所以我感到惊讶。
Hence the fact that... 因此…
2. hence作副词 “因此、由此”
Eg:These cars have become cheaper, and hence affordable to more people.
这些汽车变得更为便宜，因而为更多的人所买得起。
3. hence作副词 “从现在算起”。一段时间+hence表示“自现在起多长时间后”
Eg:The property must be vacated 12 days hence. 该不动产应该自现在起12天内腾出。
in the end /at last /finally——eventually
growing /increasing /intensifying——mounting
02
Passage 2
AMOC is something of a poster child for tipping points, which are notional thresholds beyond which systems that have been responding gradually and incrementally to global warming undergo sudden and dramatic changes. One reason for this is its sheer power and the scope of its influence. The rate at which it transfers heat towards the pole—about one petawatt, or 1,000 terawatts, roughly 60 times the rate at which humans produce energy by burning fossil fuels in factories, furnaces, power stations, cars, aircraft and everything else—accounts for about a quarter of all the northward flow of heat from the tropics. At least half of the water that gets into the ocean depths does so in the North Atlantic.
AMOC是典型的临界点，其实这个临界点是一个概念上的阈值，超过这个阈值，那些对全球变暖逐渐做出反应的系统就会发生突变和剧烈变化。其原因之一是它产生的巨大力量及其造成的影响范围。它向极地传递热量的速度约为 1拍瓦或 1,000 太瓦，大约是人类在工厂、熔炉、发电站、汽车、飞机和其他所有设备中燃烧化石燃料所产生能量的速度的 60 倍——约占从热带向北流动的所有热量的四分之一。流进海洋深处的水至少有一半是在北大西洋。
替换表达
a classical example——a poster child
increase gradually——incrementally
powerful force——sheer power
range——scope
make up /constitute /occupy /take up / proportion——account for
Eg: Women made up over 40% of the workforce.
全体员工中女性员工占比超过40%。
Women constitute 70 percent of the student population at the college.
女生占这所学院学生人数的70%。
Sleep occupies nearly a third of our lives.
睡眠几乎占据了我们生命的三分之一。
The new couch takes up half of the room.
新沙发占去房间的一半。
The proportion of boys to girls in our class is three to one.
我们班男女生的比例是三比一。
转自：“中小学英语教学研究”微信公众号
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