【Food Policy】 张晓恒 胡凌啸 于晓华 | 农地流转、要素错配改善和农业全要素生产率:来自中国水稻生产的证据
2023/9/8 10:35:33 阅读:46 发布者:
Xiaoheng Zhang, Lingxiao Hu, and Xiaohua Yu*. Farmland Leasing, misallocation Reduction, and agricultural total factor Productivity: Insights from rice production in China. Food Policy ,2023,119: 102518.
全文链接(点击“阅读原文”跳转):
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2023.102518
简介:
要素错配是影响农业全要素生产率并造成发展中国家人均农业产出处于低水平的重要因素。土地市场化流转可以促进生产能力较强的农户转入土地而生产能力较弱的农户转出土地,从而提高农业加总的全要素生产率水平。本研究首先构建土地流转影响农业加总的全要素生产率的理论模型,然后将江苏省自2004年以来每年300多户水稻种植户面板数据与粮农组织GAEZ数据和气象站数据进行匹配,形成包含农户投入产出、土壤质量和气候条件等多维度数据库。最后,本研究采用两阶段最小二乘法分析土地流转对要素错配指数和加总的全要素生产率的影响。研究结果显示:理论上,完全消除要素错配可以使加总的全要素生产率提高23.5%。实际中,农地流转率每提高1%将使要素错配程度下降0.267%并且使加总的全要素生产率提高1.087%,并且这种影响效应在农地“三权分置”改革之后变得更大。本研究进一步分析发现,通过土地流转降低要素错配进而提高加总的全要素生产率的现象只是在苏南地区出现,这可能跟苏南地区土地集中连片流转有关。
本研究主要做出了三个方面的贡献:一是,通过将理论和实证相结合,构建了土地流转影响要素错配进而影响加总的全要素生产率的理论关系,并且从理论上计算完全消除要素错配对加总的全要素生产率的影响。二是,本研究采用中介效应模型实证农地流转通过降低要素错配进而提高加总的全要素生产率这一假说。三是,本研究通过构建包含农户投入产出、土壤质量和气候条件等多维度数据库消除测量误差,精确计算农户全要素生产率及要素错配程度。
综上,本研究验证了农地市场化流转可以通过降低要素错配提高加总的全要素生产率这一假说。本研究为深化土地“三权分置”改革、促进土地市场化流转、激发土地活力、保障粮食安全提供决策参考。
Abstract:Reducing factor misallocation is crucial for enhancing agricultural aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. This paper presents a theoretical framework illustrating how farmland leasing affects aggregated TFP via the reduction of misallocation. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of cost and benefit survey for Jiangsu rice farmers, monthly surface climatological data, and soil characteristic information from FAO, this study finds that efficient factor reallocation could theoretically result in a 23.6% increase in aggregate TFP. In practice, a 1% increase in farmland leasing leads to a 1.087% gain in aggregate TFP and a 0.267% reduction in misallocation using IV regression. These effects become larger after the Three Rights Separation (TRS) reform compared to prior conditions. The mediation effects of farmland leasing on TFP through misallocation reduction are only observed in Southern Jiangsu, possibly due to farmland concentration.
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